L17: Lung Cancer Flashcards
What are the risk factors for lung cancer
Smoking Passive smoking Occupational exposure: asbestos Family history of lung cancer Air pollution
What are the 4 main types of bronchial lung cancer
Small oat cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Sqaumous carcinoma large cell carcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
What is malignant mesothelioma
Cancer of the lining of the lungs linked to asbestos exposure
What is small cell lung carcinoma
Cancer that arises from neuroendocrine cells that produce hormones
What is small cell carcinoma associated with
Smoking
What is the prognosis of small cell carcinoma
Poor
What are the non small cell carcinoma types
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous carcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Where are adenocarcinoma usually located
In the peripheral lung tissue
Which cells do adenocarcinoma arise from
Mucous cells in the bronchial epithelium
What is adenocarcinoma associated with
non smokers
Asbestos exposure
What is squamous cell carcinoma
Found centrally close to large airways and presents with obstructive lesions of the bronchus
What is the differentiation of large cell carcinoma
Poorly differentiated
Where can secobdary lung be from
Breast Bone Prostate Colon Ovary
What are the signs of lung cancer
Fever Nausea Vomiting Weakness Cachexia Haorseness, dysphagia- if there is pressure on the oesophagues
What are the peripheral sings of lung cancer
Finger clubbing
Muscle wasting of the hand
Redness in the face due to SVC obstruction
What are the chest signs of lung cancer
Wheeze Stridor Consolidation Pleural effusion Lung collapse
What is a paraneoplastic feature
Production of hormones due to cancer leads to associated symptoms
What are the paraneoplastic features of squamous cell carcinoma
Clubbing
Hyperthyroidism due to ectopic tsh
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
What are the paraneoplastic features in small cell carcinoma
ACTH
What is a paraneoplastic feature of adenocarcinoma
Gynaecomastia
What are the investigations of lung cancer
Chest xray
Ct scan
Pet ct scan for metasises
How do we diagnose the tissue in lung cancer
By biopsy: Bronchosocpy EBUS-TBNA Percutanous needle biopsy Surgical biopsy
What is the staging of lung cancer by
TNM
What does the management of lung cancer involve
Smoking cessation
Chemotherapy
Radiotheroay
Targeted biological therapy
What are the complications of lung cancer
Superiror vena cava obstruction
Hypercalcaemia
Cerebral metastasis
Spinal cord compression
