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Physiology > L17 Hypothalamus > Flashcards

L17 Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothalamus efferent

A

Pituitary
Autonomic nuclei of brain stem

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2
Q

Hypothalamus receive from

A

Thalamus
Basal ganglia
Brain stem
Limbic system

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3
Q

Nuclei of hypothalamus

A

Anterior hypothalamic nuclei
Posterior hypothalamic nuclei

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4
Q

Anterior hypothalamic nuclei

A

Para-ventricular nucleus
Posterior-pre-optic & anterior hypothalamic nuclei
Medial pre-optic nucleus
Supra-optic nucleus

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5
Q

It’s function is
1- oxytocin release
2-water release
3-thirst
4- corticotropin releasing hormone release

5- satiety
6- water conservation

A

Paraventricular nucleus

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6
Q

It’s function is
1- panting
2- sweeting
3- thyrotropin inhibition
4- heat loss centre

A

Anterior hypothalamic nuclei & posterior-pre-optic n

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7
Q

It’s functions are :
1- regulator release of gonadotropin hormone
2- bladdder contraction
3- decrease heart rate
4- decrease blood pressure

A

Medial pre-optic nucleus

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8
Q

Vasopressin release
Water conservation
Functions of :

A

Supra - optic nucleus

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9
Q

Posterior hypothalamic nuclei

A

Dorso-medial nucleus
Ventro-medial nucleus
Posterior hypothalamic nuclei
Mammillary body
Perifrontal nucleus

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10
Q

GI stimulation by

A

Dorso-medial nucleus

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11
Q

Heat gain centre
Shivering
Increase blood pressure
Pupilllary dilation
Corticotropin release

A

Posterior hypothalamic nuclei

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12
Q

Satiety centre
Neuro-endocrine control
Thirst

A

Ventro-medial nucleus

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13
Q

Feeding reflex

A

Mammillary body

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14
Q

Rage -anger - inc. blood pressure

A

Peri-frontal nucleus

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15
Q

Functions of hypothalamus

A

1- temperature regulation
2- control pituitary function
3-Autonomic control
4- control food intake
5- maintains homeostasis

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16
Q

In hypothalamus major pathways for information flow occur between:

A

1) Hypothalamus and brainstem
2) Hypothalamus and limbic system

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17
Q

Inputs to the hypothalamus

A

ASCENDING
-spinal cord direct
-reticular formation
-sensory cranial nerves

DESCENDING
-Hipocampus via fornix
-Amygdala ( stria terminalis - amygdaloid-hypothalamic)
-septal nuclei
-Accumbens

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18
Q

Hormonal input to the hypothalamus

A

Hormonal input via vasculare
- glucose, hormones
- blood osmolarity and temperature

Circumventricular organs detect change in:
CSF and relay to HT

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19
Q

Control of autonomic NS through hypothalamus
Anterior stimulation elicits ………..
Posterior stimulation elicits ……………..

A

Parasympathetic
Sympathetic

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20
Q

Damage to hypothalamospinal tract in lateral medulla

A

Horner’s syndrome

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21
Q

Heat loss ( V.D) centre in

A

Anterior hypothalamus
Preoptic stimulate sweating and peripheral v.d

22
Q

Lesion to anterior HT ( pre-optic ) led to

A

Hyperthermia

23
Q

Heat gain centre in

A

Posterior HT, stimulate pilot reaction , shivering

24
Q

Lesion in Posterior HT led to

A

Poikilothermy

25
Q

Food intake centre ( satiety ) in

A

Ventromedial and paraventricular nuclei

26
Q

Lesion Ventromedial and paraventricular nuclei led to

A

Obesity - hyperphagia
لان اللترال بيكون شغال

27
Q

Reproduction and sexual function

A

Preoptic and ventromedial

Tuberal and arcuate nuclei also involved in endocrine function

28
Q

Sleep/ wake cycle in

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus ( biological clock )

Pre-optic can initiate sleep

Lateral HT -> can change cortical arousal state

29
Q

Damage to post. HT led to

A

Coma , impaired arousal

30
Q

Feeding disorders

A

-Hyperphagia
Ventromedial n

-Aphagia
Lateral HT

-water consumption regulation
-Adpsia - polydipsia ( no ADH)

31
Q

Damage to descending hypothalamic inputs produce

A

Sham rage ( undirected aggression )

32
Q

Sexual centre

A

anterior hypothalamus

33
Q

Lesion anterior hypothalamus

A

Reduce drive

34
Q

Stimulation of anterior hypothalamus

A

Hyper-sexuality

35
Q

Circadian rhythms in

A

Suprachiasmatic n

36
Q

-major part of the limbic system is

A

the hypothalamus with its related structures.

In addition to their roles in behavioral control, these areas control many internal conditions of the
body, such as
i) body temperature,
ii) osmolality of the body fluids,
iii) the drives to eat and drink
iv) to control body weight.

37
Q

-internal functions of hypothalamus are collectively called

A

vegetative functions of the brain, and their
control is closely related to behavior.

38
Q

HT send output signals in three directions:

A

1) backward and downward to the brain stem, reticular

2) upward toward many higher areas of the diencephalon and cerebrum, anterior thalamus

3) into the hypothalamic infundibulum

39
Q

Cardiovascular Regulation in HT

A

every known type of neurogenic effect on the
cardiovascular system

◦ Increase arterial pressure,
◦ decreased arterial pressure,
◦ increased heart rate,
◦ decreased heart rate.

كل التغيرات وعكسها

40
Q

stimulation in the posterior and lateral hypothalamus
Change in CVS ?

A
  • increase arterial pressure
  • Increase Heart rate

وترسلهم pons - medulla للريتيكيولار

41
Q

stimulation in the pre-optic area hypothalamus
Change in CVS ?

A
  • Decrease arterial pressure
  • Decrease Heart rate

وترسلهم pons - medulla للريتيكيولار

42
Q

anterior portion of the hypothalamus, especially the preoptic area, is concerned with…..

A

regulation of body temperature.

◦ An increase in the temperature of the blood flowing through this area increases the activity of temperature-sensitive neurons

◦ while a decrease in temperature decreases their activity.

43
Q

Regulation of body water through hypothalamus in two ways:

A

1- creating the sensation of thirst
2- controlling the excretion of water ( ADH )

44
Q

Thirst centre in

A

Lateral hypothalamus

45
Q

Control renal excretion of water

A

Supra-optic
لو صار تركيز الملح عالي ترسل للبوستيرور بيتيوتري ويطلع ADH

46
Q

Regulation of uterine contractility and milk ejection

A

Paraventricular> oxytocin
- increase contractility of uterus
- Contraction of myoepithelial cell of alveoli

47
Q

Hunger area:

A

Lateral HT

48
Q

Satiety centre :

A

Ventromedial

49
Q

Area of the overall control GIT is

A

Mammillary bodies
Control pattern of feeding reflex ( licking lips and swallowing )

50
Q

Behavioural functions of HT

A

1- rage and fighting ( Lat. HT ) اللترال تزود الاكتفتي بشكل عام
2- tranquility centre ( ventromedial )
3- fear and punishment ( peri-ventricular )
4- sexual drive ( most anterior , most posterior )

51
Q

Bilateral lesion in the lateral hypothalamus

A
  • decrease drinking and eating to zero
  • Passivity , loss overt drive
52
Q

Bilateral lesion to ventromedial hypothalamus

A
  • excessive drinking and eating
  • Hyperactivity
  • Savagery
  • Extreme rage

Physiology (9 decks)

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