Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SFM > (L15) Stem Cell Applications > Flashcards

(L15) Stem Cell Applications Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of stem cells? L15 S8

A
  • not terminally differentiated
  • can divide without limit
  • slow division
  • when dividing, give rise to 1 stem cell and 1 cell that will differentiate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are totipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent stem cells? Where are they seen? L15 S9

A

Totipotent: -can give rise to all cell types, embryonic tissue, and extraembryonic tisses -seen in the first 16 cells of a zygote

(EMBRYONIC)

Pluripotent: -can give rise to all cell types and embryonic tissues (after 16 cell morula stage)

  • -inner cell mass of blastocyst
  • (EMBRYONIC)
  • unrestricted devleopment potetntial

Multipotent: -can give rise to all cell types but only of a certain lineage

  • -adult stem cells found in various tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are founder stem cells? L15 S14

A

Stem cells that are generated early in development and have a fixed number of divisions they will undergo. This responsible for limiting the size of the final structure they will produce.

finger is gonna have less than your arm

-each tissue has a fixed number of founder cells in population and are controlled by a short range of singlas that derimne the cell population druing develipment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are transit amplifying cells? L15 S15

A

-These cells divide frequently

Differentiating stem cell that leaves the basal layer. It has a finite amount of divisions and once it is done, all its progeny will be terminally differentiated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What transcription factors are essential for pluripotent stem cells? L15 S27

A

-Nanog -Oct4 -Sox2 -FoxD3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the difference between hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells? L15 S30

A

Both found in bone marrow HSC: -differentiates into RBCs, WBCs, and platelets MSC: -differentiates into connective tissue, heart/skeletal muscle tissue, and nerve tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are induced pluripotent stem cells? L15 S41-42

A

Introduction of certain transcription factors to adult cells causing them to gain pluripotent stem cell properties High risk of teratoma formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is SCNT? L15 S44

A

Egg cell has nucleus removed and is fused with and adult cell. Growth will generate pluripotent stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Adult Stem Cells are _____. How are they regulated? What function do they possess?

A

Tissue specific.

  • stricly imposed by molecular restraints on gene expression
  • responds to demands of growth and repair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stems cells are _____ they can either ____ or give rise to ___ that are more ____.

A
  • primitive
  • self renew
  • daughter
  • specialized
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Potency is also known as

A

proliferative potiential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adult stem cells are used for what?

A
  • tissue homeostais
  • they are already partially comitted thus no longer pluripotent
  • unable to differentiate in a more regulated range
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does divisonal Assymetry and enviromental assymetry matain stem cell pool?

A
  • for steady pool 50% of daughter cells must reamain as stem cells
  • divisonal: assymetric divison may create 2 cells, one with stem cell charatericits and other with the factor for it do differentiate (factors are methylation patterns on genes, transcripton factors)
  • enviromental: divison males 2 identical cells but enviroment may stimulate one to diff
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Immoral Strand Hypothesis

A
  • daughter cell will retain stem cell charaterisitcs by keeping all of OG DNA
  • the cells that are going to differntia will get the new strands
  • happesn to prevent genetic errors in stem cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Embryonic stem cells are from where?

Do they have restrictive or unrestrivtive developmental poteintial?

When they are put back into the blastocyst they can _____ well with the embryo.

They can develop into what?

A

–from blastocyst

  • proliferate indef in culture (unrestricted development)
  • integrate well
  • develop into different types
17
Q

If enbryonic injected into an enbryo at a later stange or an adult they fail to receive appropriate sequence, gf or cues for proper differentiation. what can this cause?

A

Can give rise to teratomas or tumors.

-ES cells on theri own are incabable of generating the body plan thus are better off left in emrryos.

18
Q

If you ineject ES cells into animal and they get the right signals what can happen? What do they need?

A

They can differntiate into what ever tissue type they are directed to. ALL YOU NEED TO DO IS CULTUER THE CELLS AND PRESENT THEM IN CORRECT GF.

19
Q

ES cell therapy

A
  • fertilize an egg
  • take the blastocyst and remove the inner cell mass
  • transplant them to the patient
  • have been used to treat dm, parkisons, spinal injury, MI in mouse
20
Q

Adult Stem cells show relaxation of restrictions in an altered enviroment by what?

A

-based on GF that are localzied in specific tissues.

21
Q

Adult stem cell use in transplant

A
  • they have restricted capacity and growth potiental
  • can not replace emrbonyic stem cells in tissues transplants
22
Q

Where do hematopoetic and stromal stem cells come from?

Define the difference?

A
  • come from BM
  • HSC are blood compoents
  • msc are connective tissue components
23
Q

Cord blood

A

-adlut stem cells that are undifferentiated can have banks s for familila use and other patients.

24
Q

Induced pluripotent stem cells

A

IPS cells:

25
Q

Mesenchymal cells: BM and adipose derived

A

-bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) TRANSPLANT or adipose derived mesencymal stem cells (amsc) liposection can diff in vtiro or vivo into many cells and can regenrate neuronal cells.

These cells are adult stem cells.

  • ability to self renew
  • immortal
26
Q

Somatic cell nuclear transfer

A

SCNT: Combines coloing methods

  • take egg cell and remove the nucleus
  • then take a somatic cell (anything but egg or germ cell)
  • stimulate it
  • remove inner cell mass for pluripotent stem cell
  • culture them
27
Q

What is the one problem in SCNT

A
  • its ethically wrong
  • need alot of oocytes
28
Q

SCNT can be used to treat what?

A

TYPE 1 DM

SFM (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions