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SFM > ADAPTIVE IMMUNO > Flashcards

ADAPTIVE IMMUNO Flashcards

1
Q

Auto antigen

A

self antigen

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2
Q

allo antigen

A

tissue specific antigen (found in one person but not the other)

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3
Q

intracellular pathogens

A

viruses

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4
Q

exogenous antigens

A

enter the body and are trapped by APC

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5
Q

Epitope

A

what the body recognizes

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6
Q

T depedent atnigen

A

proteins

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7
Q

t independent antigens

A

poly, lipids, etc..

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8
Q

TCR recognizes

A

linear protein epitopes

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9
Q

free peptides are

A

not recognized by TCRs

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10
Q

Immuno dominant epitopes

A

immune cells present a specific epitope

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11
Q

haptens

A

small molecules which do not induce immune response alone

-needs to be bound to another molecule or carrier protein

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12
Q

super antigen

A
  • not processed but bind to MHC class w molecules and Vbeta of TCR
  • each super antigen activates a distinct set of VB expressing t lymphocytes is expressing
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13
Q

what is an immune complex

A

Antigen plus antibody

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14
Q

Light chain

A

kappa or lamda

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15
Q

Papain digestion

A

releases the 2 sepearate ag binding regions and the Fc region

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16
Q

pepsin digestion

A

retains single bivalent ag binding capibility and degrades the rest

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17
Q

what is an idotope

A

the finger like regions that bind to the antigen, also known as the paratope or CDR

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18
Q

Allotype

A

allelic diferences (subtle differences on the heavy chains)

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19
Q

We all may see an antigen but we respond with different v region deterimants what is this called?

A

due to idotypic network

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20
Q

IGM

A

first ab produced, forms a pentamer, (has 10 binding sites)

-Coded by heavy chain mu

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21
Q

IgG

A

most abunduant one in serum

-ONLY ONE THAT CAN CROSS PLACENTA

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22
Q

ab/ ag binding

A

due to hydrogen bonds, eletrostatic bonds, wanderwalls, and hydrophoic forces

  • each bond is weak but can generate an eletrostaic interaction
  • interaction is reversible
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23
Q

Which Ig are predominant for immune responses

A

-IgG, Iga, Ige

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24
Q

IGA

A

used for external secretion

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25
Q

IgE

A

allergy

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26
Q

IGD AND M

A

found on mature b lymps

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27
Q

Antibody

A
  • 2 heavy chain
  • 2 light chain
  • chains have a variable region (fAB) AND constant region (fc)
28
Q

Antibody

A
  • 2 heavy chain
  • 2 light chain
  • chains have a variable region (fAB) AND constant region (fc)
29
Q

The strength of the interaction between an univalent ag (epitope) and univalent ab (paratope) is refered to as

A

affinity

30
Q

The strength of the interactions ebtween an multivalent ag and a multivalent ab is reffered to as

A

avididty

31
Q

if you increase ____ then you increase ____

A
  • valency

- avidity

32
Q

valency

A

amount of abs taht are working together

33
Q

Confimational determant

A

specific confo has to be made

34
Q

linear deteminat

A

must be denatured so the area can bind to it bc if folded its not acceible

35
Q

noantigenic determinatn

A

created when you proteolyse somethin

36
Q

MHC IS ALSO KNOWN AS

A

HLA

37
Q

MHC is

A

polymorphic

38
Q

MHC are inherited as a

A

haplotype

39
Q

Class 1 MHC

A
  • codes for MHC A-G
  • EXPRESSED ON all nucleated cells
  • presents antigens to CD8+ cytotoxic t cells
  • hetrodimer: alpha chain and beta chain (not made from mhc gene)
  • alpha 1 and 2 is variable
  • it is a membrane bound glycoproein
  • has closed ends thus only binds 8-10 peptides
40
Q

class 1 steps

A
  • virus in cytoplasm, or taken up by pahgosome, or ub protein
  • is taken up and then put into proteosome
  • makes peptides
  • tap takes it in and puts it in the ER and loads it in the receptor
  • alpha chain made in ER and beta chain intergraded
  • tapasin (cofactor that helps it)
  • then that complex is taken to golgi
  • and presented
41
Q

class 2 MHC

A

composed of a beta chain and alpha chain

  • also 4 globular structure
  • not covalenly linked
  • presents shit to CD4 t lymphocyte (APC cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B lympocytes)
  • binds 13-18 polypeptides bc has an open end
42
Q

CLASS 1 MHC PRESENT WHAT FROM WHERE AND CLASS 2 PRESENT WHAT FROM WHERE

A

CLASS 1: INTRACEULLAR and SELF

CLASS 2: EXTRA CELLULAR

43
Q

MHC binding is

A

-slow: allows peptide to compled with a t cell

44
Q

antigens entering from the peiohery are filltered by the

A

lymph and lympoid tissue

45
Q

antigens in the blood are filtered by the

A

slpeen

46
Q

dendritic cells:
macrophages:
b lymphocytes:

A

present antigen to niave t cells
precent to CD4 effector T cells
present to cd4 T helper cells

47
Q

Activated DC cells:

A

loose adhesive markers and upregulate CCR7 (bind to ligand on lympahtic epithelium )

48
Q

class 2 pathway

A
  • exogenous is taken up and degradaded in endosome
  • in the ER MHC is being made and invariant chain is put in to stablize the dimer and block peptides from being put in
  • that is fused with with golgi then lysosome
  • HLA DM will degrade THE INVARIANT CHAIN AND leave clip
  • clip will fall off and then the antigen is then put in and then presented
49
Q

Cross rpesentation

A

-dendritic cells can present can pick up host fragments from APC cells and then present them by both MHC 1 and 2

50
Q

A t helper cell can

A

release cytokines when activated by a macrpopahge to kill the phaocytosed micobe
or
stimualte b cells when b cells present a MHC with antigen on it to make ab by realsing antibodies

51
Q

mhc 1 WILL CAUSE WHAT

A

cause cell to kill it self

52
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

inflamation of spine bc individuals are expressing HLA B27

53
Q

rheumatic fever

A

patiens who have hla dr 4 allele are more prone to develop a fever

54
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

caused by tap

55
Q

bare lymphocyte syndrome

A
  • tap protein is non functional thus peptides cant enter the ER
  • poor responses to viruses
56
Q

bare class 2

A

defect in class 2 transactivartor which decreases cd4+

57
Q

B cell receptor

A

basically an antibody with an Igb and iga side peice

58
Q

tcr

A

has alpha and beta chain

ALSO HAS cd3 and cd3 gamma for singaling

59
Q

Gene rearragnement events occur in absece of antigen ________.

A

clonal selection

60
Q

The production of _____ = production of _____

A

–production of heavy chain in B cell = prod of beta chain in t cell

-light chain in B cell = alpha chain in T cell

61
Q

combitorial diversity

A

-take one of J and then add it to D and then take one of V and add it to DJ

62
Q

combitoral diveristy occurs by

A

plandromic sequences called rag 1,2

63
Q

Junctional diversity

A

uses TdT to add nucleotides producing variable regions

64
Q

light chain/ alpha chain only does

A

VJ

65
Q

what is the second type of combitoral diveristy

A

take any heavy chain/ beta that you make and mix it with any light chain/ alpha chain

66
Q

B cell support

A

B cells and stem cells interact through VCAM and VLA 4

  • releases IL7
  • which then releases IL7 CAUSING IT TO MOVE INTO PRO B CELL
67
Q

Steps to make a mature B cell

A

in bone marrow:

1) IL7 is released making it into pro b cell
2) rag and tdt expression is increased with then makes the heavy chain and a surrogate light chain (a pre b cell)
3) if the pre bcr works then you inhibit reagarangement of the Ig HEAVY chain locus on the other chromosome

SFM (31 decks)

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