L15: Calcium and Parathyroid gland Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the parathyroid gland located

A

On the thyroid glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What hormone does the parathyroid hormone secrete

A

PTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of hormone is PTH

A

Peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When does PTH secrete

A

In low calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When does vitamin d come into hand

A

In low calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does vitamin D act on

A

The intestines:

- increases calcium and phosphate absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does PTH act on

A

GCPRs on the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What hormone is secrete in high calcium

A

Calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is calcitonin produced

A

In the c-cells of thyroid glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does calcitonin act on

A

The bones to decrease calcium absorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What hormone is released when there is high potassium

A

FGF23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is FGF23 made

A

In the bone cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does FGF23 act on

A

The kidney to increase urinary phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the levels of 1,25D3 in hypophosphataemia

A

Low so that it does not bring in phosphate from the intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What other hormone is involved in high levels of phosphate

A

PTH so urinary phosphate increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which cell crushes the bone

A

Osteoclasts

17
Q

Which cell builds the bone

A

Osteoblasts

18
Q

What is hyperparathyroidisim

A

High levels of PTH levels

19
Q

What is primary Hyperparathryoidism

A

Tumour in the parathyroid gland. It is usually a benign adenoma

20
Q

Why is primary HPT caused

A

Parathyroid gland does not react to the negative feedback

21
Q

What is secondary HPT

A

Renal disease:

- kidney stops functioning so phosphate increases and 1,25D3 decreases

22
Q

What is tertiary HPT

A

Prolonged state of tertiary HPT

23
Q

What is rickets

A

Lack of mineralisation of bone due to low VD3

24
Q

What is the treatment of rickets

A

Vitamin D replacement

25
Q

What is osteomalacia

A

Same as rickets but occurs in adults

26
Q

What group of people does rickets occur in

A

Children

27
Q

What is osteoporosis

A

Loss of mineral and collagen component

28
Q

What is the treatment of osteoporosis

A

PTH
Oestrogen
Denosumab
Bisphosphatase

29
Q

What causes the production of 1,25D3

A

PTH

30
Q

Where is 1,25D3 made

A

In the kidney

31
Q

What does secondary hyperparathyroidism lead to

A

Chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder

32
Q

What does renal disease give for hyperparathyroidism to occur

A

Hypocalcemia
Hyperphosphotemia
These factors lead to the increase of PTH from the parathyroid gland

33
Q

Why does osteoporosis increase in woman after menopause

A

Estrogen levels decline which lead to increased levels of bone remodelling and bone resorption so mineral is lost.

34
Q

In rickets is collagen also lost from the bone

A

No collagen is not lost, only mineral ( phosphate and calcium) are lost