L09: Pituitary Gland Flashcards
Which bone does the pituitary gland sit
In the sella turcica ( Turkish saddle)
How many lobes does the pituitary gland have
2 lobes:
- anterior
- posterior
What is the HPA axis
The hypothalamus communicates with the pituitary gland to release hormones
What type are hypothalamus and pituitary hormones
Peptide hormones
Remember the :
Pre-prohormone> prohormone> hormone
What hormone does the posterior pituitary gland release
ADH
Oxytocin
What hormone does the anterior pituitary gland release
FSH LH GH Prolactin TSH ACTH
What is the name of the tract that connects the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland
Hypothalamic hypophyseal tract
What is the name of the tract called that connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland
Hypophyseal portal system
How is oxytocin and ADH released
Oxytocin and ADH are made in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland
What are the nucleus called that are involved in making ADH
Supraoptic nucleus
Name of the nuclei that is involved in making oxytocin
Paraventricular nucleus
What are the nucleus called involved with the anterior pituitary gland
Paraventricular nucleus
Pre-optic nucleus
Acuate nucleus
What hormone does the paraventricular nucleus release
CRH
TRH
What hormone does the pre-optic nucleus release
GNRH
What hormone does the acuate nucleus release
GHRH
Dopamine
What anterior pituitary cell does the CRH act on
Corticotrophe
What does the corticotrophe release
ACTH and alpha melanocytes stimulating hormone
Where does the ACTH act on
Adrenal gland
Where does the alpha melanocytes stimulating hormone act on
Melanocytes in the skin
What anterior pituitary cell does GNRH act on
Gonadotrophe
What does gonadotrophe release
LH and FSH
How does GNRH levels influence LH and FSH
High levels of GNRH result in the release of LH
Low levels of GNRH result in the release of FSH
Where does LH and FSH act on
The ovaries and testes
What anterior pituitary cell does GHRH act on
Somatotrope
What does somatotrope release
GH
Where does GH act on
Bones
Muscles
Organs
What anterior pituitary cell does CRH act on
Thyrotrope
What does thyrotrope release
TSH
Where does TSH act on
Thyroid glands to cause the release of T4 and T3
What is diabetes insipidus
ADH defiency
What are the causes of diabetes insipid is
Autoimmune destruction of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
What is acromegaly
A disorder cases by an adenoma that results in high levels of GH
What is Cushing’s syndrome
Excess release of cortisol
What are the 2 types of Cushing’s syndrome
- acth dependent
- acth independent
What is the general treatment for hormone deficiency
Hormone replacement
What is the general treatment for hormone excess
Surgery to remove tumour
