L09: Pituitary Gland

Question 1

Which bone does the pituitary gland sit

Answer 1

In the sella turcica ( Turkish saddle)

Question 2

How many lobes does the pituitary gland have

Answer 2

2 lobes:

• anterior
• posterior

Question 3

What is the HPA axis

Answer 3

The hypothalamus communicates with the pituitary gland to release hormones

Question 4

What type are hypothalamus and pituitary hormones

Answer 4

Peptide hormones
Remember the :
Pre-prohormone> prohormone> hormone

Question 5

What hormone does the posterior pituitary gland release

Answer 5

ADH

Oxytocin

Question 6

What hormone does the anterior pituitary gland release

Answer 6

FSH
LH
GH
Prolactin
TSH
ACTH

Question 7

What is the name of the tract that connects the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland

Answer 7

Hypothalamic hypophyseal tract

Question 8

What is the name of the tract called that connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 8

Hypophyseal portal system

Question 9

How is oxytocin and ADH released

Answer 9

Oxytocin and ADH are made in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland

Question 10

What are the nucleus called that are involved in making ADH

Answer 10

Supraoptic nucleus

Question 11

Name of the nuclei that is involved in making oxytocin

Answer 11

Paraventricular nucleus

Question 12

What are the nucleus called involved with the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 12

Paraventricular nucleus
Pre-optic nucleus
Acuate nucleus

Question 13

What hormone does the paraventricular nucleus release

Answer 13

CRH

TRH

Question 14

What hormone does the pre-optic nucleus release

Answer 14

GNRH

Question 15

What hormone does the acuate nucleus release

Answer 15

GHRH

Dopamine

Question 16

What anterior pituitary cell does the CRH act on

Answer 16

Corticotrophe

Question 17

What does the corticotrophe release

Answer 17

ACTH and alpha melanocytes stimulating hormone

Question 18

Where does the ACTH act on

Answer 18

Adrenal gland

Question 19

Where does the alpha melanocytes stimulating hormone act on

Answer 19

Melanocytes in the skin

Question 20

What anterior pituitary cell does GNRH act on

Answer 20

Gonadotrophe

Question 21

What does gonadotrophe release

Answer 21

LH and FSH

Question 22

How does GNRH levels influence LH and FSH

Answer 22

High levels of GNRH result in the release of LH

Low levels of GNRH result in the release of FSH

Question 23

Where does LH and FSH act on

Answer 23

The ovaries and testes

Question 24

What anterior pituitary cell does GHRH act on

Answer 24

Somatotrope

Question 25

What does somatotrope release

Answer 25

GH

Question 26

Where does GH act on

Answer 26

Bones
Muscles
Organs

Question 27

What anterior pituitary cell does CRH act on

Answer 27

Thyrotrope

Question 28

What does thyrotrope release

Answer 28

TSH

Question 29

Where does TSH act on

Answer 29

Thyroid glands to cause the release of T4 and T3

Question 30

What is diabetes insipidus

Answer 30

ADH defiency

Question 31

What are the causes of diabetes insipid is

Answer 31

Autoimmune destruction of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

Question 32

What is acromegaly

Answer 32

A disorder cases by an adenoma that results in high levels of GH

Question 33

What is Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 33

Excess release of cortisol

Question 34

What are the 2 types of Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 34

• acth dependent

- acth independent

Question 35

What is the general treatment for hormone deficiency

Answer 35

Hormone replacement

Question 36

What is the general treatment for hormone excess

Answer 36

Surgery to remove tumour