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CEP > L04: Hormone synthesis and action > Flashcards

L04: Hormone synthesis and action Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main hormones

A
  • protein
  • steroid
  • amines
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2
Q

Give an example of a protein hormone

A

Insulin

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3
Q

Give an example of an steroid hormone

A

Cortisol

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4
Q

Give an example of an amine hormone

A

T4, T3

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5
Q

How are protein hormones synthesised

A
  • Pre-mRNA is translated in the RER as a pre-prohormone
  • pre-prohormone > prohormone > hormone by proteolysis enzymes
  • protein can be modified in the Golgi by glycosylation
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6
Q

If a Golgi apparatus modifies a protein by glycosylation what hormone would be produced

A

A glycoprotein which is a protein with carbohydrate attached to it

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7
Q

How do glycoproteins of anterior pituitary hormones vary

A

They have the same alpha subunit but different beta subunit which makes the specific

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8
Q

How are steroid hormones synthesised

A
  • cholesterol from the hydrolysis of esters is transported to the mitochondria by STAR transporter
  • mitochondria produced pregnelone
  • pregnelone is processed in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) which gives the specific hormone
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9
Q

Which gland are steroid hormone mostly produced in

A

The adrenal gland

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10
Q

What are the three layers of the adrenal cortex

A
  • zona glomerulosa
  • zona fasciculata
  • zona reticularis
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11
Q

What type of hormone does the zona glomerulosa synthesis

A

Mineralocorticoid

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12
Q

What type of hormone does the zona fasciculata synthesis

A

Glucocorticoid

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13
Q

What type of hormone does the zona reticularis synthesis

A

Adrenal androgens

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14
Q

What type of hormone does the adrenal medulla synthesis

A

Catecholamines

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15
Q

Are steroid hormones stored or secreted straight after synthesis

A

They are not stored and secreted rapidly after synthesis

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16
Q

How are amine hormones synthesised

A
  • TSH binds to TSH receptors on the follicular membrane
  • iodine is brought into follicular cells by iodine/sodium transporter
  • iodine binds to thyroglobulin (stored in the calloid) by thyroperoxidase enzyme
  • MIT and DIT form
  • MIT+DIT=T3 and DIR+DIT=T4
  • exocytosis occurs
17
Q

What type of receptors does proteins binds to

A

Cell surface receptors

18
Q

What type of receptors does steroid bind to

A

Intracellular receptors

19
Q

Are proteins hydrophobic or hydrophilic

A

Hydrophilic

20
Q

Are steroid hydrophobic or hydrophilic

A

Hydrophobic

21
Q

What are thyroid hormones transported with in the blood

A
  • albumin
  • TBG
  • transthyretin

CEP (12 decks)

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