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Anatomy Exam 2 > L14: Thoracic Osteology & Wall Structure > Flashcards

L14: Thoracic Osteology & Wall Structure Flashcards

1
Q

components of thoracic cage

A
  1. 12 vertebrae
  2. 12 pairs of ribs and cartilage
  3. sternum
  4. intercostal muscles
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2
Q

superior boundary of thoracic cage

A
  1. 1st TV
  2. 1st rib pair and cartilage
  3. manubrium
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3
Q

inferior boundary of thoracic cage

A
  1. 12th TV
  2. 12th rib pair and cartilage
  3. xiphisternal jt
  4. larger opening than superior
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4
Q

boundaries of thoracic cage are also called

A

outlets

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5
Q

_______ is not apart of thoracic cavity

A

xiphoid process

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6
Q

manubrium features

A
  1. sup. jugular notch
  2. concave clavicle surfaces
  3. concave surfaces for 1st rib
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7
Q

angle of louis

A

sternal angle on manubrium where the sternal body articulates

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8
Q

manubriosternal joint

A

symphysis types

ossifies late in adulthood

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9
Q

body of sternum

A
  1. made of 4 fused Sternebrae
  2. ossifies in 3rd trimester
  3. fused into 1 bone as young adult
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10
Q

xiphoid process marks the level of _____ .

A

dermatome 6

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11
Q

types of ribs

A
  1. vertebrosternal ribs
  2. vertebrochondral ribs
  3. vertebral ribs (floating)
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12
Q

ribs 1-7

A

vertebrosternal ribs

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13
Q

ribs 8-10

A

vertebrochondral ribs

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14
Q

ribs 11-12

A

vertebral or floating ribs

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15
Q

parts of ribs

A
  1. head
  2. neck
  3. tubercle
  4. shaft
  5. costocartilage
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16
Q

head of rib

A
  1. attaches between 2 vertebrae

2. bony crest

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17
Q

neck of rib

A

narrow portion between head and tubercle

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18
Q

tubercle of rib

A

articulates w/ transverse process of vertebra w/ same number

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19
Q

shaft of rib

A

sternal extremity
angle - curved
costal groove
downward slope

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20
Q

costal groove of rib shafts

A

contains superior to inferior

  1. intercostal vein
  2. intercostal art.
  3. intercostal nerve
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21
Q

costal cartilage of ribs

A

takes an upward slope

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22
Q

the _____ end of each rib lies at a lower level than the ____ end.

A

sternal end

vertebral end

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23
Q

which rib only has one facet of attachment

A

the 1st rib

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24
Q

which rib attaches to TV 1

A

ribs 1 and 2

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25
Q

scalene tubercle of 1st rib

A

separates areas when the subclavian vein and artery cross the groove

(art is med.)

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26
Q

the first rib is important because?

A

of its relation to nerves of brachial plexus and subclavian vessels

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27
Q

the first rib is flattened in a _____ plane.

A

horizontal/transverse whilst other ribs are vertical

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28
Q

scalene tubercle

A

insertion of scalenus anterior muscle

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29
Q

thoracic vertebra centrum

A
  1. heart shaped

2. notched on left side for descending aorta

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30
Q

intervertebral discs make up _____ the total _____.

A

1/4 total length of thoracic vertebral region

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31
Q

there are ____ and ______ costal demifacets on typical vertebrae 2-9

A

sup and inferior

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32
Q

____ spinous process is most prominent

A

T1

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33
Q

atypical T1

A

superior costal facet

not a demifacet

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34
Q

atypical T10

A

one pair of costal facets located partly on body and partly on pedicle

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35
Q

atypical T11 and T12

A

one pair of costal facets located on pedicles

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36
Q

vertebra prominens

A

C7

first spinous process to be palpated

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37
Q

rib heads articulate w/

A
  1. demifacets on same TV #
  2. vertebra above (costal facet)
  3. intervertebral disc between
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38
Q

tubercles articulate w/

A

transverse process of same # vertebra

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39
Q

jugular notch

A

root of the neck

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40
Q

sternal angle

A

marks rib 2

lies at level of T4-5 IV disc

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41
Q

apex heart beat

A
  • -5th intercostal space
  • -along midclavicular line
  • -8.5 cm from midline
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42
Q

aortic valve heart sound

A

–can be heard at 2nd intercostal space on right side

43
Q

pulmonary valve heart sound

A

–heard at 2nd intercostal space on left side

44
Q

tricuspid valve

A

–5th intercostal space on right side

45
Q

bicuspid valve heart sound

A
  • -5th intercostal space

- -10cm to left of midline

46
Q

bifurcation of the trachea

A

–between sternal angle and T4/5 vertebral level

47
Q

posterior thorax: scapula

A
  1. spin at level of 3rd rib/ T2

2. inferior angle at 7th rib/T7 or T9 body

48
Q

costal margin

A
  • -sup. part is marked by 7th cartilage

- -inf. part by 10th cartilage

49
Q

infrasternal angle

A
  • -important in cpr
  • -between infrasternal fossa
  • -level of body T9
50
Q

vertical line running thru the inferior angle of the scapula

A

scapular line

51
Q

projects downward from ant. axillary fold

A

ant. axillary line

and formed by lower border of pec M

52
Q

projects downward from post. axillary fold

A

post. axillary line

formed by tendon of lats

53
Q

line between ant/post axillary lines

A

midaxillary line

54
Q

cutaneous innervation C3-4

A

clavicular and scapular regions of upper thorax

55
Q

cutaneous innervation T1-5

A

upper thorax

56
Q

cutaneous innervation T7-12

A
  • -lower thorax

- -lat/ant. abdominal wall

57
Q

C5-T1 cutaneous innervation

A

upper extremity

58
Q

medial and lateral pectoral nerves are named for ?

A

where they come off brachial plexus not for where they innervate

59
Q

Pectoralis major innervation

A

lat and med pectoral nerves

60
Q

Pectoralis minor innervation

A

medial pectoral nerve

61
Q

subclavian innervation

A

subclavius nerve C5-6

62
Q

blood supply to serratus anterior

A

superior thoracic a.

lat. thoracic a.

63
Q

the pectoral region is supplied by which artery

A

axillary artery

64
Q

muscle layers

A
  1. external intercostals
  2. internal intercostals
  3. innermost intercostals
  4. transversus thoracis
65
Q

external intercostals

A
  1. extend from vertebrae post. to junction of ribs and intercostal cartilage
  2. deep fascia continues to sternum and forms the external intercostal membrane
  3. fiber directions is inferiorly and anteriorly
66
Q

internal intercostals

A
  1. begin at lat. edge of sternum - extend to vertebral column
  2. deep fascia extends to vertebrae as internal intercostal memb.
  3. fiber direction is inferiorly and posteriorly
67
Q

innermost intercostals

A
  1. incomplete layers w/ fibers arranged in a more horizontal direction
68
Q

transversus thoracis

A

4 or 5 slips that originate from the inf. sternum and extend sup. lat. to internal surface of upper ribs

69
Q

external vs. internal intercostal fiber directions

A

hands in front pocket
down and toward midline diagonal

opposite
hands in back pocket

70
Q

contents of intercostal space are protected by ?

A

a groove on the inferior border of each rib

71
Q

contents of intercostal space

A

VAN
intercostal vein
intercostal art. (ant/post)
intercostal nerve

72
Q

posterior intercostal arteries

A
  1. 1-2 arise from Costocervical trunk
  2. 3-12 segmented branches from descending aorta

post. intercostal arteries give off lat. cutaneous branches

73
Q

anterior intercostal arteries

A
  1. branches of internal thoracic arteries

2. give off ant. cutaneous branches

74
Q

intercostal nerve

A
  1. each derived from ventral ramus of spinal nerve
  2. twelve pairs
  3. 12th pair lies inferior to rib 12 = called subcostal nerve
  4. give lat. and ant. cutaneous branches
75
Q

1st intercostal nerve

A
  • -joints brachial plexus

- -has no ant. cutaneous branch

76
Q

2nd intercostal nerve

A

–lat. cutaneous branch supplies floor of axilla

77
Q

subcostal nerve

A

=12th intercostal nerve

the lat. branch supplies skin over gluteal

78
Q

human breasts

A
  • -cutaneous bilateral glandular structures
  • -found in both genders
  • -females have modified sweat glands = mammary glands
79
Q

breast location

A

extends from superior 2-3 rib to 6-7 costal cartilage inferiorly

80
Q

width of breast location

A

extends from lateral border of sternum to ant. axillary fold

81
Q

retromammary space

A

potential space between breast and pectoral fascia

82
Q

sinus mammarumis

A

the space between the 2 glands

83
Q

innervation of breasts/mammary glands

A

intercostal nerves 4-6

84
Q

mammary gland attaches to ____ via _______

A

dermis of skin
via
suspensory lig. = cooper’s lig.

85
Q

_____ lobes separated by _____.

A

15-20 lobes

fibrous septae

86
Q

_____ lactiferous ducts converge on nipple, which is surround by ______ .

A

15-20
pigmented areola

1 duct per lobe

87
Q

lactiferous sinus

A

a dilation at the end of each duct as it enters the nipple

88
Q

connective tissue layer surround the entire mammary gland

A

fibrous tela subcutanea

89
Q

adipose tissue deep to fibrous layer in breasts

A

fatty tela subcutanea

90
Q

suspensory ligament of cooper

A

bundles of collagen fibers in dermis and hypodermis

91
Q

arterial supply to breast

A
  1. ant. perforating arteries
  2. medial mammary rami
  3. lat. mammary art.
  4. lat. mammary rami
92
Q

ant. perforating arteries of breast

A

from internal thoracic art.

to medial part of gland

93
Q

medial mammary rami

A

from 2-4th ant. perforating arteries

to deep medial part of gland

94
Q

lateral mammary artery

A

from lateral thoracic art.

to inferior part of gland

95
Q

lateral mammary rami

A

from lat. cutaneous branches of intercostal arteries

to lateral part of gland

96
Q

venous drainage from breast

A

mainly to axillary vein via lat. thoracic veins and med. mammary veins

some drainage to internal thoracic vein via ant. intercostal veins

97
Q

list hierarchy of lymph drainage of breast

A
  1. perilobular and interlobular lymphatic vessels
  2. subareolar plexus
  3. lat. lymphatic trunk and med.
  4. pectoral group of lymph nodes (part of axillary nodes)
  5. subclavian lymphatic channels
98
Q

subareolar plexus

A

–drains perilobular/interlobular lymphatic vessels

into the lat. lymphatic trunk from lat. and sup. gland

into med. lymphatic trunk from med. and inf. gland

99
Q

subareolar lymph node

A

nipple, areola, lactiferous lobules

100
Q

receives 75% of lymph from breast

A

axillary lymph nodes

remaining lymph to parasternal/abdominal nodes

101
Q

innervation of breast tissue

A
  1. lat. mammary nerve T2-6
  2. intercostal nerves
  3. med. mammary nerve T2-6
  4. supraclavicular nerves
102
Q

polymastia

A

extra breasts

103
Q

polythelia

A

extra nipples

Anatomy Exam 2 (9 decks)

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