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Anatomy Exam 2 > L13: Hand > Flashcards

L13: Hand Flashcards

1
Q

sensory area of dorsal distal digits 2 and 3

A

median nerve

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2
Q

median nerve digital branches sensory area

A

parts of digits 1 - 4

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3
Q

dorsal radial side of hand sensory area, including most of thumb and bases of digits 2 and 3

A

radial nerve, superficial branch

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4
Q

dorsal ulnar side of hand, including all of digit 5 and most of digit 4

A

ulnar nerve

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5
Q

exclusive sensory area of ulnar nerve

A

end of pinky finger

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6
Q

sensory area - dorsal antebrachium

A

post. antebrachial cutaneous nerve

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7
Q

the radial nerve supplies __ muscles in the hand.

A

no

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8
Q

the superficial radial nerve branch is entirely _____

A

sensory

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9
Q

sensory supply to palm

A

palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve

palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve

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10
Q

palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve

A
  1. supplies central palm

2. superficial to flexor retinaculum

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11
Q

carpal tunnel

A

flexor retinaculum

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12
Q

palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve

A
  1. supplies medial palm side

2. superficial to flexor retinaculum

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13
Q

carpometacarpal joints

A
  1. plane synovial joints
  2. saddle for thumb
  3. mvt - none = 2-3, little = 4, digit 5 = mobile
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14
Q

carpometacarpal joint vasularization and innervation

A

–anastomosic arches of radial and ulnar arteries

–articular branches of all nerves that pass over–basically median, radial and ulnar nerves

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15
Q

MCP

A

metacarpophalangeal joints

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16
Q

MCP joints

A
  1. condyloid synovial
  2. mostly flex/ext mvt
  3. capsular ligaments
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17
Q

MCP joint vascularization and innervation

A

deep digital arteries from superficial palmar arches

digital nerves – median and ulnar nerves

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18
Q

MCP joint ligaments

A

palmar ligaments and collateral ligaments

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19
Q

explain why the MCP joints of digits 2-5 cannot be abducted in the flexed position but can be abducted in extension.

A

collateral ligaments are slack during extension

but taunt in flexion

thus fingers cannot be spread when fully flexed

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20
Q

interphalangeal joits

A
  1. synovial hinge jts
  2. only flex/ext allowed
  3. strong collateral lig.
  4. PIPs and DIPs
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21
Q

IP vascularization and innervation

A

same as MCP jts

deep digital arteries and digital nerves

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22
Q

list the superficial palmar structures

A
  1. palmar aponeurosis
  2. flexor retinaculum
  3. palmaris brevis muscle
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23
Q

palmar aponeurosis

A
  1. triangle shaped deep fascia
  2. found between eminences
  3. protection for superficial nerves/vessels
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24
Q

what anchors the palmar aponeurosis

A

skin and flexor retinaculum

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25
Q

distal palmar aponeurosis

A

splits into 4 slips that blend w/ flexor sheaths of digits 2-5

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26
Q

flexor retinaculum

A

lateral attachment = tubercle of scaphoid/trapezium

medial = hook of hamate and pisiform

there is a ant and post retinaculum

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27
Q

palmaris brevis - origin, insertion and action

A

flexor retinaculum

skin on medial palm

tenses skin on palm

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28
Q

contents of carpel tunnel

A

the long flexor tendons of:

  1. flex digitorum super
  2. flex digitorum prof
  3. flex pollicus long
  4. median nerve
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29
Q

the ulnar nerve and ulnar artery pass thru _____ .

A

guyons canal = ulnar canal

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30
Q

ulnar canal

A

formed by groove between pisiform and hook of hamate

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31
Q

synovial sheath purposes in wrist/hand

A

protect all the tendons from rubbing together as they all pass thru the carpel tunnel

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32
Q

spaces in the hand

A
  1. thenar space

2. midpalmar space

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33
Q

thenar space location

A

between adductor pollicus muscle and long flexor tendons of digits 1 and 2

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34
Q

midpalmar space location

A

between metacarpals 4-5 and long flexor tendons to digits 4-5

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35
Q

significance of spaces in hands

A

can become filled w/ fluid and infected

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36
Q

muscles of dorsal hand

A
  1. long extensor muscles

2. dorsal interossei muscles - 4

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37
Q

reference for digit ab/adduction

A

mvt away or towards middle finger

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38
Q

dorsal interossei muscles: middle finger has __ and digits 1 and 5 have __ .

A

2

0

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39
Q

extensor indicis prox/dis attachments

A

post distal ulna

extensor expansion of index finger - base of middle phalanx

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40
Q

extensor indicis action

A
  • -extend index finger

- -also helps in wrist extension

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41
Q

extensor indicis blood supply and innervation

A

post interosseous art and perforating ant

post. interosseous n C7-8

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42
Q

the posterior interosseous nerve comes off the

A

deep branch of radial nerve

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43
Q

trance posterior interosseous artery to beginning

A

comes off common interosseous a.

which is a branch off ulnar artery

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44
Q

list the 4 intrinsic muscles of the thumb

A
  1. abd. pollicus brevis
  2. flex. pollicus brevis
  3. opponens pollicus
  4. add. pollicus
45
Q

location of opponens pollicus muscle

A

deep to flexor pollicus brevis

46
Q

innervation of 4 intrinsic thumb muscles

A

recurrent branch of median nerve C8-T1

4th = adductor pollicus = deep branch of ulnar nerve C8-T1

47
Q

opponens pollicus prox/dis attachment

A

flexor retinaculum
tubercles of scaphoid/trapezium

lateral side of metacarpus

48
Q

opponens pollicus action, blood supply

A

oppose thumb
medial rotation

radial artery

49
Q

abductor pollicus brevis prox/dis attachments

A

flex retinaculum
tubercles of scaphoid/trapezium

lateral side of prox. phalanx

50
Q

abductor pollicus brevis action, blood supply

A

abduct thumb
aid opposition

radial artery

51
Q

flexor pollicus brevis prox/dis attachment

A

flex retinac.
tubercles

lateral side of prox. phalanx

52
Q

flexor pollicus brevis action and blood supply

A

flex thumb

radial artery

53
Q

adductor pollicus prox/dis attachment

A

oblique head – metacarpals 2-3
transverse head – capitate, adj. carpals

medial side of prox. phalanx

54
Q

adductor pollicus action and blood supply and nerves

A

adduct thumb

radial artery

deep branch of ulnar nerve — differs from other 3

55
Q

intrinsic muscles of digit 5

A
  1. abd. digiti minimi
  2. flex digiti minimi
  3. opponens digiti minimi
56
Q

innervation of intrinsic digit 5 muscles

A

ulnar nerve

57
Q

intrinsic muscles of digit 5 are also known as the ?

A

hypothenar muscles

58
Q

abductor digiti minimi prox/dis attachments

A

pisiform

medial side of prox. phalanx

59
Q

abductor digiti minimi action and blood supply

A

abduct digit 5
aid in flex of 5

ulnar artery

60
Q

flexor digiti minimi prox/dis attachments

A

hook of hamate
carpal tunnel

medial side of prox. phalanx

61
Q

flexor digiti minimi action and blood supply

A

flex digit 5

ulnar artery

62
Q

opponens digiti minimi prox/dis attachments

A

hook of hamate
carpal tunnel

medial side of metacarpus

63
Q

opponens digiti minimi action/blood supply

A

opposition

ulnar artery

64
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis tendons

A
  1. pass thru fibrous flexor sheath
  2. bifurcate at proximal phalanx
  3. insert on middle phalanx
65
Q

flexor digitorum profundus is ____ than the superficialis and its tendons …. ?

A

more active

insert on distal phalanx

66
Q

vinculae

A

tiny, delicate vascular bundles connecting palmar surface of phalanges w/ long flexor tendons

67
Q

purpose of vinculae

A

carry innervation and blood supply to long flexor tendons

2 per tendon

68
Q

the long flexor tendons are _____ to adductor pollicus.

A

superficial

69
Q

DAB meaning

A

dorsal interossei muscles 4

70
Q

DAB

A
  1. 4 bipennate muscles

2. located adjacent to metacarpals

71
Q

DAB insertion

A
  1. radial sides of prox. phalanx 2 and 3

2. ulnar sides of prox. phalanx 3 and 4

72
Q

DAB action and innervation

A

abduct MP joints of digits 2-4

ulnar nerve

73
Q

palmar and dorsal interossei muscles are innervated by ?

A

ulnar nerve

74
Q

PAD meaning

A

palmar interossei muscles 3

75
Q

PAD

A
  1. 3 unipennate muscles
  2. sometimes 4
  3. supply each digit except 3rd
76
Q

PAD insertion

A
  • -ulnar sides of prox. phalanx 1 and 2

- -radial sides of prox. phalanx 4 and 5

77
Q

PAD action and innervation

A

adduct MP joints of digits 1245

ulnar nerve

78
Q

4 small narrow muscles arises from radial sides of flexor digitorum profundus tendons

A

lumbricals

79
Q

lumbrical innervation and action

A

2 on radial side = median nerve

2 on ulnar side = ulnar nerve

flex MCP joints
ext. IP joints
of digits 2-5

80
Q

significance of lumbrical muscles

A

allow you to flex and ext parts of finger joints at same time

aka allow you to hold a pencil

81
Q

lumbricals originate off ____, whilst the interossei muscles originate off _____ .

A

tendons

metacarpal bones

82
Q

first and second lumbricals

A
  1. attached to lateral 2 tendons of FDP
  2. median nerve C8-T1
  3. blood supply - radial a. and superficial palmar arch (ulnar a.)
83
Q

3rd and 4th lumbricals

A
  1. attach to medial 3 tendons of FDP
  2. deep branch of ulnar nerve C8-T1
  3. superficial palmar arch (ulnar a) and dorsal carpal arch (ulnar and radial a)
84
Q

insertion of lumbricals

A

insert on lateral side of extensor expansion of digits 2-5

85
Q

functions of lumbricals

A
  • -flex mcp joints
  • -ext. IP joints

of digits 2-5
ex. holding pencil

86
Q

arterial supply to dorsal hand

A

dorsal arterial arch from radial and ulnar a.

supplies metacarpals and digits - dorsal side

87
Q

dorsal venous drainage of hand

A

dorsal venous arch

  • -medial drainage to basilic
  • -lateral drainage to cephalic
88
Q

lymphatic drainage to dorsal hand

A

medial via lymph vessels accompanying basilic vein

to supratrochlear nodes

to lat. axillary nodes

89
Q

arterial supply to hand

A

–superficial palmar arch

–deep palmar arch

90
Q

superficial palmar arch is a continuation of

A

the ulnar artery

91
Q

deep palmar arch in a continuation of

A

the radial artery

92
Q

radial artery in hand

A
  • -thru snuff box
  • -around dorsal metacarpus 1
  • -gives off arteries to digits 1-2
  • -gives rise to deep palmar arch
93
Q

deep branch of ulnar nerve supplies ?

A

supplies hypothenar muscles, all interossei, 2 medial lumbricals and adductor pollicus

94
Q

in the hand the median nerve gives off

A

lateral and medial branch

95
Q

lateral branch of median nerve in hand

A
  1. to thenar muscles
  2. 1st lumbrical
  3. cutaneous innervation – radial side
96
Q

medial branch of median nerve in hand

A
  1. to 2nd lumbrical

2. cutaneous innervation to ulnar side

97
Q

mallet finger

A

avulsion by long ext. tendon

hyperflexion of DIP

98
Q

dupuytren’s contracture

A

fibrosis of palmar aponeurosis

flexion of fingers at mp jts

99
Q

colle’s fracture

A

fracture in distal radius

common in 50+ age

100
Q

fracture of scaphoid

A

most common carpal injured

occurs at waist

result in compromised radial artery

101
Q

median nerve injury

A

loss of thumb opposition

atrophy of thenar muscles

ape hand - flat thenar

102
Q

ulnar nerve injury

A

paralysis and atrophy of interossei muscles

loss of thumb adduction

claw hand

103
Q

guttering of hand

A

ulnar nerve injury

tissue between metacarpals atrophies creating gutters

104
Q

extensor hood mechanism components

A

hood
lat. bands
central band

105
Q

function of extensor hood

A

flex mcp jt

ext. PIP and DIP jts

106
Q

if the lateral bands of the extensor hood detach, the lateral bands will ____ and _____ .

A

flex PIP

hyperextend DIP

107
Q

extensor tendons form a ______ over the mp and ip joints of the fingers called the ______ .

A

moveable hood

extensor expansion

108
Q

as extensor digitorum contracts, it pulls on the _____, which causes the _____ to ____ .

A

extensor expansion (hood)

IP jts to extend

109
Q

the lumbricals attach to the _____ and are thus able to _____ .

A

extensor expansion/hood

extend ip joints

Anatomy Exam 2 (9 decks)

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