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Anatomy Exam 2 > L11: Antebrachium & Elbow > Flashcards

L11: Antebrachium & Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

fascial compartments of the forearm

A

ant/post

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2
Q

septae separating compartments is continuous with ?

A

deep fascia

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3
Q

posterior surface of forearm

A
  • deep fascia thickens and forms transverse band

- turns grooves in distal radius into tunnels for extensor tendons

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4
Q

extensor tendon tunnels: medial to lateral

A
  1. extensor digitorum and indicis
  2. extensor pollicus longus
  3. extensor carpi radialis brevis
  4. extensor carpi radialis longus
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5
Q

dorsal tubercle location

A

between extensors: pollicus longus and carpi radialis brevis

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6
Q

outcropping muscles

A

extensor and abductor pollicus longus

extensor pollicus brevis

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7
Q

common function of anterior muscles

A

wrist and digit flexion

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8
Q

common origin of muscles

A

the anterior muscles

medial epicondyle

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9
Q

major nerve supply to anterior forearm muscles

A

median and ulnar nerves

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10
Q

superficial muscles of anterior compartment

A
  • -origin medial epicondyle
  • pronator teres
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
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11
Q

which muscle is often missing because it is not needed anymore?

A

palmaris longus — weak wrist flexor

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12
Q

intermediate muscles of anterior compartment

A

flexor digitorum

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13
Q

proximal and distal attachments of flexor digitorum

A

prox – humeroulnar head and radial head

dis – shafts of middle phalanges 2-5

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14
Q

action of flexor digitorum

A
  • flex middle and prox phalanges 2-5

- can flex each finer independently

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15
Q

innervation of flexor digitorum

A

median nerve C7-8-T1

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16
Q

flexor digitorum profundus prox/distal attachments

A

prox – proximal 2/3s of ulna and interosseous memb.

dis – distal phalanges 2-5

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17
Q

flexor digitorum profundus action

A
  • only muscle that can flex distal phal

- can flex index finger independently

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18
Q

flexor digitorum profundus blood supply and innervation

A

-anterior interosseous artery

median nerve via ant. interosseous n c8-t1
ulnar n c8-t1

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19
Q

list the deep muscles of the anterior antebrachium

A
  1. pronator teres-ulnar head
  2. flexor digitorum profundus
  3. flexor pollicus longus
  4. pronator quadratus
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20
Q

flexor pollicus longus - proximal/distal attachment

A

prox - mid ant. radius and interosseous memb.

distal phalanx of thumb

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21
Q

flexor pollicus longus action and innervation

A

flex distal phalanx of thumb

median nerve C8-T1

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22
Q

muscles of the posterior antebrachium – common function, origin, and innervation

A

wrist/hand extension

lateral epicondyle

radial nerve via deep branch or post. interosseous n

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23
Q

superficial muscles of posterior antebrachium originate from the ______ .

A

lateral epicondyle

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24
Q

list the superficial muscles of the posterior antebrachium

A
  1. brachioradialis
  2. extensor carpi radialis longus
  3. ”” brevis
  4. extensor digitorum
  5. extensor digiti minimi
  6. extensor carpi ulnaris
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25
Q

all muscles of the posterior forearm are innervated by the _______ .

A

radial nerve

via deep branch or post. interosseous n

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26
Q

list the deep muscles of the posterior forearm

A
  1. supinator
  2. extensor indicis
  3. abductor pollicus longus
  4. extensor pollicus longus
  5. extensor pollicus brevis
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27
Q

list the outcropping muscles

A
  1. abductor pollicus longus
  2. extensor pollicus longus
  3. extensor pollicus brevis
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28
Q

brachioradialis - prox/dis attachments

A

supraepicondylar ridge of humerus

distal radius
styloid process of radius

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29
Q

brachioradialis - action, blood supply and innervation

A

flex forearm when pronated (hammer curls)

radial collateral a, radial recurrent a, radial a

radial nerve C5-7

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30
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus - prox/dis attachment

A

lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus but below brachioradialis prox. attach.

dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal

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31
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus - action, blood supply and innervation

A

extend/abduct wrist - radial deviation

radial collateral/recurrent, recurrent interosseous a, post. interosseous a

radial nerve C6-7

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32
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis - prox/dis attachment

A

lateral epicondyle

dorsal base 3rd metacarpal

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33
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis - action, blood supply, and innervation

A

extends/abducts wrist

radial collateral/recurrent, recurrent interosseous a, post. interosseous a

deep branch of radial n C7-8

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34
Q

extensor digitorum - prox/dis attachment

A

lateral epicondyle

extensor expansions of 4 fingers

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35
Q

extensor digitorum - action, blood supply, and innervation

A

extend 4 fingers at MCP jt, some at PIP/DIP jts

post. interosseous a, recurrent interosseous, ant. interosseous a
pos. interosseous n C7-8

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36
Q

extensor digiti minimi - prox/dis attachment

A

lateral epicondyle

extensor expansion of 5th finger

37
Q

extensor digiti minimi - action, blood supply and innervation

A

extend pinky at MCP

post. interosseous a, recurrent interosseous a, ant. interosseous a
post. interosseous n C7-8

38
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris - prox./dis. attachment

A

lateral epicondyle

dorsal base of 5th metacarpal

39
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris - action, blood supply and innervation

A

extend/adduct wrist

radial collateral, recurrent interosseous, post. interosseous

post. interosseous C7-8

40
Q

4 muscles emerge from posterior antebrachium between extensor carpi radialis and extensor digitorum

A
  1. abductor p longus
  2. ext. p longus
  3. ext. p brevis
  4. ext. indicis
41
Q

list the pronators and supinators of the forearm

A

pronator teres
pronator quadratus

biceps brachii
supinator

42
Q

pronator quadratus - prox/dis attachment

A

distal ulna

distal radius

43
Q

pronator quadratus - action and innervation

A

pronate forearm
help interosseous memb. hold bones together

ant. interosseous branch off median n C8-T1

44
Q

pronator teres - prox/dis attachment

A

ulnar head - coronoid process
humeral head - medial epicondyle and supracondular ridge

mid lateral radius

45
Q

pronator teres - action and innervation

A

pronate and flex forearm

median n C6-7

46
Q

supinator - prox/dis attachment

A

lateral epicondyle
radial collateral/annular lig.
ulnar crest

prox. radius – wraps around attaching to all surfaces

47
Q

supinator - action and innervation

A

supinate forearm

deep branch of radial n C7-8

48
Q

describe supination

A

bringing radius back to anatomical position

49
Q

median nerve - forearm

A

supplies all anterior muscles not supplied by ulnar n

C7

gives off ant. interosseous n

50
Q

median nerve forearm route

A
  1. cross cubital fossa w/ brachial a
  2. go between 2 heads of pronator teres
  3. go between flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus
51
Q

ulnar nerve - forearm

A

supplies flexor carpi ulnaris and half of flexor digitorum profundus

52
Q

ulnar nerve forearm route

A
  1. from posterior arm
  2. thru sulcus in med. epicondyle
  3. between heads of flexor carpi ulnaris
  4. between flexor carpi ulnaris and flex. digit. prof.
53
Q

radial nerve - forearm route

A
  1. enters between brachioradialis and brachialis
  2. in front of lat. epicondyle
  3. enters cubital fossa
  4. divides into 2 branches
54
Q

deep branch of radial nerve

A
  1. goes lat. about radial neck
  2. renamed post. interosseous n
  3. supply all extensor muscles except extensor carpi radialis longus and anconeus (radial n)
55
Q

superficial branch of radial nerve

A
  1. primarily cutaneous/sensory
  2. runs w/ radial a
  3. emerges deep to brachioradialis in distal forearm
  4. supplies lateral post. hand, thumb, index finger
56
Q

ulnar artery in mid forearm

A

w/ ulnar nerve

under flexor carpi ulnaris

57
Q

ulnar artery in distal forearm

A

superficial/lateral to flexor carpi ulnaris tendon
lateral to ulnar nerve

does not enter flexor retinaculum

58
Q

branches of ulnar artery

A
  1. anterior ulnar recurrent
  2. post. ulnar recurrent
  3. common interosseous (ant/post)
59
Q

ulnar artery - short anastomoses

A

ant. ulnar recurrent to inferior ulnar collateral

60
Q

ulnar artery - longer anastomoses, behind medial epicondyle

A

post. ulnar recurrent to superior ulnar collateral

61
Q

which branch of the brachial artery is larger and smaller

A

ulnar - large

radial - small

62
Q

the radial artery winds dorsally thru …… ?

A

thru the anatomical snuff-box

63
Q

branches of radial artery in forearm

A
  1. radial recurrent
  2. dorsal carpal a.
  3. dorsal metacarpal/digital a
  4. 1st dorsal metacarpal a
  5. princeps pollicus
  6. radialis indicis
64
Q

the radial artery pieces _____ in the hand.

A

first dorsal interosseous muscle

65
Q

after passing thru the _____ the radial artery gives off the _____ artery to the thumb.

A

first dorsal interosseous muscle

princeps pollicus to thumb

66
Q

radial artery renamed in palm

A

deep palmar arch

gives off palmar digital arteries
joins ulnar a on medial side

67
Q

ulnar artery renamed in palm

A

superficial palmar arch

joins radial - deep arch on lateral palm

68
Q

elbow joint

A

uniaxial, hinge joint

forearm - flex/ext, supination and pronation

69
Q

joints of the elbow complex

A
  • humeroulnar jt
  • humeroradial jt
  • radioulnar jt (superior, inferior, intermediation)
70
Q

humeroulnar jt

A

trochlear notch to trochlea

forearm flex/ext

71
Q

humeroradial jt

A

fovea of radial head to capitulum

flex/ext, pro-sup-ination

72
Q

superior radioulnar jt

A

radial notch of ulna and annular ligament

73
Q

inferior radioulnar jt

A

ulnar notch of radius, articular disc, head of ulna

74
Q

intermediate radioulnar jt

A

interosseous membrane syndesmosis

75
Q

the cubital joint consists of ____ separate ______ .

A

3 separate articulations (joints)

76
Q

cubital ligaments

A

medial/ulnar collateral
lateral/radial collateral
annular ligament

77
Q

ulnar collateral ligament

A

medial side
med. epicondyle to coronoid process and olecranon

slack lig. results in valgus deformity

78
Q

radial collateral ligament

A

lateral side
lat. epicondyle to annular ligament and olecranon

slack lig. results in varus deformity

79
Q

note that the radial ligament does not …..

A

actually attach to the radius

80
Q

annular ligament

A

attach to ulna
forms a sling around the neck of radius

goes around radius to start and end on ulna

81
Q

what does the carrying angle refer to

A

the lateral deviation obtainable at the cubital joint even tho it is a hinge jt

82
Q

axes of carrying angle

A

longitudinal axis of humerus

long axis thru trochlea line sideways thru trochlea

83
Q

carrying angle per gender

A

male 5 degrees

female 10-15

84
Q

increase in carrying angle

A

cubitus valgus

85
Q

decrease in carrying angle

A

cubitus varus

86
Q

ulnar nerve to medial epicondyle

A

runs posterior to epicondyle close to olecranon

runs between the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris

87
Q

relate brachial artery to median nerve

A

art. runs lateral to nerve in anterior arm
then they cross in the cubital fossa

art. then runs medial to nerve in anterior forearm

88
Q

relate bicipital aponeurosis to the brachial and median cubital veins

A

veins lie underneath the aponeurosis

can trap the median cubital artery against the aponeurosis to draw blood

Anatomy Exam 2 (9 decks)

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