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cancer > L14 > Flashcards

L14 Flashcards

1
Q

how many ATP are involved in glycolysis

A

uses 2, generates 4

net 2

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2
Q

how many NADH generated in glycolysis

A

2NADH

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3
Q

what has to happen to pyruvate before it can enter TCA

A

converted to AcetylCoA

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4
Q

products of one glycolysis (2 pyruvate) in TCA

A

6NADH
2FADH2
2ATP

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5
Q

what are the ETC complexes

A

NADH-Q Oxidoreductase (I)

Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (III)

Cytochrome c oxidase (IV)

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6
Q

what is complex II in ETC

A

succinate Q-reductase

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7
Q

what does complex II do in ETC

A

delivers electrons from FADH2 to Complex III

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8
Q

how does ETC generate ATP

A

chemiosmotic gradient

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9
Q

what does ATP synthase generate

A

ATP + Water

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10
Q

how many ATP from one NADH

A

2.5-3

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11
Q

how many ATP from FADH2

A

2

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12
Q

how many ATP generated total from one glucose

A

30-38

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13
Q

what step of glycolysis enters PPP

A

glucose-6-phosphate

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14
Q

3 steps of PPP

A

G6P -> 6-phosphogluconate -> ribose-5-phosphate

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15
Q

2 options for ribose-5-phosphate

A
  1. continue with non-oxidative phase of PPP

2. used to make nucleotides, co-enzymes, etc

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16
Q

what is NADPH used for

A

energy source to build something in the cells for anabolic pathway

needed for enzyme glutathione reductase - to reduce glutathione

17
Q

what is GSH

A

3AAs

glutamate, cysteine, glycine

the wrong carbonyl connects GS

18
Q

what happens when 2 GSH molecules interact

A

they form sulphide bonds between the cysteines

19
Q

why is glutathione important

A

oxidative stress

20
Q

is glutathione active when in a reduced state

A

no

21
Q

do we need more GSH or GSSG

A

we need 10X more GSH than GSSG to give us a good buffering system against oxidative stress

22
Q

2 major reasons we need NADPH

A
  1. glutathione

2. making fatty acids, sterols, etc

23
Q

what was the weird finding in the Warberg hypothesis

A

they assumed that cancer cells would prefer oxidative phosphorylation, but they found that they were preferring to produce lactate

this is aerobic glycolysis

24
Q

what molecule reduces pyruvate to lactate

A

lactate dehydrogenase (uses NADH)

25
Q

corny cycle

A

lactate gets turned into 2 pyruvate, which can undergo gluconeogenesis

26
Q

where does Cory cycle happen

A

lactate gets sent in blood vessels to liver, ?

27
Q

why do cancer cells want glucose and not ATP

A

they want glucose to enter PPPand become lactate

cancer (10 decks)

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