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CAN > L13: Pathology Of Cancer- Classification Of Neoplasms > Flashcards

L13: Pathology Of Cancer- Classification Of Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neoplasms

A

A mass of cell that:

  • undergone irreversible change from normality
  • proliferate in an uncoordinated manner
  • partially or completely independent of factors which control normal growth
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2
Q

Does the neoplastic growth continue even if initiating stimulus e.g smoking or uv radiation is withdrawn

A

Yes

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3
Q

What is the definition of cancer

A

A malignant neoplasm

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4
Q

What are the 4 ways in classifying neoplasms

A

1) behavioural i.e benign or malignant
2) histogenesis i.e differentiation
3) histological
4) functional

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5
Q

When is a neoplasm malignant

A
  • local invasion of surrounding tissue

- spread to distant sites to form metastasis via lymphatic or blood stream

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6
Q

Is staging and grading the same

A

No they have 2 distinct meanings

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7
Q

When is staging used

A

In the context of malignant neoplasm to estimate the spread

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8
Q

How many staging system do we have

A

Various depending on the disease

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9
Q

What staging system is used in general

A

TNM

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10
Q

What does TNM stand for

A

Tumour
Nodes
Metastasis

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11
Q

What does histogenesis mean

A

Differentiation

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12
Q

What are the main 2 tissues in the body

A

Epithelial

Mesenchymal

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13
Q

What cell forms the majority of malignant cancers

A

Epithelial

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14
Q

What does mesenchymal cells of majority form

A

Bening neoplasms

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15
Q

What does differentiation mean

A

The degree to which neoplasms histologically resembles its tissue of origin

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16
Q

What is the differentiation of benign tumours like

A

Well differentiated that resembles the tissue they originated from

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17
Q

What is the differentiation of malignant neoplasms like

A

Poorly differentiated

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18
Q

What is grading

A

A term used to describe the degree of differentiation

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19
Q

How many grades do we have for differentiation

A

3 grades

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20
Q

What is grade 1

A

Well differentiated

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21
Q

What is grade 2

A

Moderately differentiated

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22
Q

What is grade 3

A

Poorly differentiated

23
Q

How does poorly differentiated neoplasms behave

A

Aggressively

24
Q

What is a malignant tumour that is poorly differentiated that its impossible to determine its histogenesis called

A

Anaplastic

25
Q

What are malignant epithelium tumours end in

A

Carcinoma

26
Q

What is a benign squamous cell tumour

A

Squamous cell papilloma

27
Q

What is a malignant squamous cell tumour

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

28
Q

What does benign tumours end in

A

Oma

29
Q

What are malignant glandular tissue tumour called

A

Adenomcarcinoma

30
Q

What is a thyroid

A

A gland

31
Q

What must the thyroid gland cancer be classed as

A

Adenocarcinoma

32
Q

Are thyroid gland classed as adenocarcinoma

A

No

33
Q

What are thyroid glands classed according to

A

Histological appearance

34
Q

What are the 3 histological subtypes of thyroid carcinoma

A

Papillary - finger like structures
Follicular
Anaplastic - doesnt resemble anything

35
Q

Why are thyroid carcinomas classed based upon histological appearance

A

It correlates with the route of spread and prognosis

36
Q

What is the common route of spread of a histological subtype of papillary

A

Lymphatic

37
Q

What is the prognosis of papillary

A

Very good

38
Q

What is the route of spread of a follicular histological subtype

A

Bone

39
Q

What is the prognosis of follicular histological subtype

A

Good

40
Q

What is the route of spread of anaplastic

A

Local invasion

41
Q

What is the prognosis of anaplastic

A

Poor

42
Q

When we classify tumours based upon their function, what do we look at

A

Substances i.e hormones produced by the neoplasm

43
Q

What are insunlinomas

A

Insulin producing pancreatic islet cell neoplasm

44
Q

What are prolactinoma

A

Prolactin producing anterior pituitary neoplasm

45
Q

What are other tumours

A

Teratomas
Embryonic tumours
Hamartoma

46
Q

What are teratomas

A

Neoplasms derived from embryonic germ cells

47
Q

What does teratomas occurs in

A

Ovary
Testis
Midline structures

48
Q

What does teratomas have the capacity to do

A

Differentiate into 3 germ cell layers

49
Q

Are ovary teratomas usually benign or malignant

A

Benign

50
Q

Are testis teratomas usually benign or malignant

A

Malignant

51
Q

What are embryonic tumours derived form

A

Multi potent embryonic cells from developing organs

52
Q

What is the suffix for embryonic tumours

A

Blastoma

53
Q

What are hamartomas

A

Tumour like manifestations

54
Q

What happens to hamartomas if they present at birth

A

Stop growing when the host stops growing

CAN (25 decks)

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