L11. Malicious Poisoning

Question 1

Anticoagulant Rodenticides

Answer 1

Remeber 2nd generation are the issue

Coagulopathy

Vitamin K1 antidotal

Question 2

Bromethalin

Answer 2

Inhibition of ion pumps, particularly in brain

Cerebral edema

2 syndromes high vs. low dose

Question 3

Strychnine

Answer 3

Inhibits inhibitory neurotransmitter in reflex arcs

Uncontrolled tetanic spasms often initiated in response to external stimuli

Question 4

Elthylene Glycol

Answer 4

Automotive antifreeze the most common source

Ultimately renal failure with crystals on histopath

Treat wth ethanol or 4-MP

Question 5

Methomyl

Answer 5

“Golden Malrin” and other fly baits

Often used to kill raccoons

Carbamate insecticide - extremely quick killer

Question 6

Zinc Phosphide

Answer 6

Cleaved in acidic stomach to phophine gas

NECROPSY HAZARD

Exacerbated with consumed with a meal

Question 7

Organophophates

Answer 7

“Hundred of calls per year”

Often mixed with fertilizers and herbicides

SLUDD syndrome
Rapid death

Question 8

Xylitol

Answer 8

Sugar substitute that can fool a dog’s body

Severe hypoglycemia and enventually liver failure

Question 9

OTC/Rx Human drugs

Answer 9

Animal exposures are reflective of medications commonly encountered

NSAIDs, Antidepressants, Asthma inhalers, Heart meds, ADHD drugs, Thyroid medications

Question 10

Illicit Drugs

Answer 10

Methamphetamine

Cocaine

Ecstasy

Marijuana

Opiates

OTC drug screens can help in diagnosis

History taking can be problematic

Screens worthless for THC

Question 11

Compound 1080

Answer 11

Sodium Fluoroacetate

Banned in 1972 but stockpiles never destroyed and still important

Used in sheep collard to vill wolves

Used ot kill feral dogs in south america

Tough to watch

Convulsions, vocalizations, uncontrollable running in lateral recumbency