L10- sexual prejudice and reduction

Question 1

What is sexual prejudice?

Answer 1

Any negative attitude, emotion or behaviour directed toward an individual because of his or her sexual orientation

Question 2

What are examples of blatant sexual prejudice?

Answer 2

Antigay bashings, refusal of employment

Question 3

What are examples of subtle sexual prejudice?

Answer 3

Using the word “gay” derogatively

Question 4

When was homosexuality no longer listed as a mental disorder?

a) 1980
a) 1995
c) 1973
d) 1957

Answer 4

c) 1973

Question 5

Which of the following was not used to treat homosexuality when it was still listed as a sociopathic personality disorder?

a) Behavioural therapy
b) Hormone therapy
c) Lobotomy
d) Castration

Answer 5

a) Therapy

Question 6

What percentage of non heterosexual individuals experience verbal sexual prejudice?

a) 45%
b) 52%
c) 61%
d) 76%

Answer 6

c) 61%

Question 7

What percentage of non heterosexual individuals experience abuse related to their sexuality?

a) 30%
b) 53%
c) 62%
d) 69%

Answer 7

d) 69%

Question 8

What does the Minority Stress Model reveal about the effects of being a target of sexual prejudice?

Answer 8

That those who experiences have the potential to turn into psychopathologies

Question 9

What is an example of a distal stressor of sexual prejudice?

Answer 9

Prejudiced events

Question 10

What is an example of a minority stressor of sexual prejudice?

Answer 10

Expectation of rejection
Concealement
Internalised homophobia

Question 11

What were Kite and Whitley (96)’s findings on attitude differences between women and men towards sexual minorities?

a) men and women had equal attitudes towards sexual minorities
b) men had more negative attitudes when rating gay men and gay women
c) men had more negative attitudes when rating gay men but more positive when rating gay women
d) men had more negative attitudes when rating gay men, and attitudes were equal when rating gay women between men and women

Answer 11

d) men had more negative attitudes when rating gay men, and attitudes were equal when rating gay women between men and women

Question 12

What is the Gender Belief System Theory?

Answer 12

Men as strong/ competent/ leaders

Other end of the spectrum- women as emotional/ gentle/ cooperative

Question 13

What happens when individuals violate gender norms?

Answer 13

They are viewed negatively- i.e. masculine women, feminine men

Question 14

What were Talley and Betterncourt (08)’s findings in their Masculinity Threat experiment?

Answer 14

Participants were given feedback, either threatening or not to their masculinity
Participants as teacher rewarded student or punished them for correct/ incorrect answers

• If gay student and no threat- high initial sexual prejudice (SP) lead to higher aggression, low SP lead to lower aggression
• Gay student and threat- aggression regardless of initial SP- aggression to restore masculinity that was originally threatened
• Strait student- no effect

Question 15

Why is it that when a straight man feels his sexuality is compromised he will act more aggressively towards a gay man, but not a straight man?

a) because straight men are the worst
b) because straight men are all inherently insecure little boys
c) to re-establish masculinity and punish those that threatened gender norms
d) all of the above

Answer 15

d) all of the above

Question 16

Why are straight men more accepting of lesbians according to Louderback and Whitley (97)’s study asking participants to rate attitudes towards gays and lesbians?

Answer 16

Men rated lesbians more highly than gays
Women rated equally

men tended to eroticise lesbianism which in turn counteracted the stigma associated w homosexuality

Question 17

What is a way of measuring explicit sexual prejudice?

Answer 17

Self- report attitudes

Question 18

What is a way of measuring implicit sexual prejudice?

Answer 18

Reaction times on implicit association tasks

Question 19

What is an example of an internal motivation for individuals to appear non-prejudiced?

Answer 19

Wanting to appear egalitarian

Question 20

What is an example of an external motivation for individuals to appear non-prejudiced?

Answer 20

Social pressure

Negative reactions from others

Question 21

What level of prejudice can be expected if an individual has high internal/ low external motivation?

Answer 21

They will be less prejudiced

Question 22

What level of prejudice can be expected if an individual has low internal/ high external motivation?

Answer 22

They will be more prejudiced

Question 23

What were Verrelli and White (16)’s findings on political conservatism and motivations to respond with prejudice towards gay men? (two correct answers)

a) political conservatism was related to high external but low internal motivations to respond without prejudice
b) political conservatism was related to low external but high internal motivations to respond without prejudice
c) results were insignificant
d) conservatives are all cunts

Answer 23

a) political conservatism was related to high external but low internal motivations to respond without prejudice
d) conservatives are all cunts

so want to appear non-prejudiced but are in fact

Question 24

What are the effects of intergroup contact on sexual prejudice reduction towards lesbians, gays and homosexuals, according to Smith, Axelton & Saucier (09)’s meta-analysis?

Answer 24

Sexual prejudice attitudes were significantly reduced with regards to lesbians, gays and homosexuals

Question 25

What are some benefits of e-contact?

Answer 25

Allows in and outgroup members interact when they wouldn’t normally
Less intense/ stressful
More opportunities for contact

Question 26

What were the findings of Kervinen, White, Verrelli and Balcks (15)’s e-contact study in participants with little and high contact with homosexual individuals?

a) It had no effect
b) It had equal effects in those participants with little and high contact
c) It had the most effect on those with low contact
d) It had the most effect on those with high contact

Answer 26

c) It had the most effect on those with low contact