L10-Anti-oxidants & Immunomodulators Flashcards
Part 1: Antioxidants!
What are reactive oxygen species?
- highly reactive molecules due to the presence of unpaired valence shell electrons (examples: O2• , H2O2, free radicals like –OH)
- form as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen
- have important roles in cell signaling
T/F: Free radical cell is important part in cell signalling.
TRUE
T/F: A diet rich in antioxidants is important and supplementation is straightforward.
FALSE!
First part is true and second part is FALSE.
List 6 Antioxidant NHPs.
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin 5
- B-carotene
- Grapeseed
- Pycnogenol
- Green tea
Vitamin C.
List name, common names, natural sources.
Proper name:Vitamin C, Common names: Ascorbic acid, Vit C
Sources: fruit and vegetables (kiwifruit, broccoli, strawberry, orange, lemon)
Vitamin C.
General use of Vit C is that it is a “factor in the maintenance of good health”
Describe what that means specifically (3).
- helps wound healing
- helps metablize fats and proteins
- an antiox for the maintance of good health
Vitamin C.
State the evidence for these claims.
- abundant for all the monogrpah claims
- lacking for use in common cold
What is the natural medicines database?
- each product is rated based solely on scientific evidence
- 3 components: safety, effectiveness and product quality w safety being the 1st concern
- gives a NMBER (natural medicines brand evidence-based rating)
List the possible effectiveness ratings of the Natural Medicine Database.
Block 1
Effective OR likely effective (i.e. evidence supports the efficacy)
-Generally appropriate to recommend
Block 2 Possibly effective (i.e. evidence is inconclusive) -not enough evidence to recommend or advise to avoid, respectively
Block 3
Likely ineffective, ineffective, insufficient evidence
-Advise to avoid
Vitamin C.
State whether effective or ineffective for the following:
1. Tx scurvy
2. Tx or Px of the common cold
3. Px of the common cold in extreme environments (e.g. stress, marathon runners)
- Effective
- Possibly effective (decrease by 1d)
- Likely effective b/c in these cases Vit C supplementation can reduce the risk by 50%.
Vitamin C.
State dosing considerations.
(hint: breast milk)
State risk info.
- generally safe at normal doses
- breast milk may reduce the risk of developing childhood allergies
- NNHPD monograph dosing recommendation during lactation is slightly higher [~120 vs. 75 mg/d]
-no risks listed in the monograph
Vitamin E.
List natural sources.
Vegetable oils, nuts, green leafy vegetables
Vitamin E.
List specific uses.
- Antioxidants
2. Helps Px deficiency
Vitamin E.
T/F: There is an abundant for NNHPD claims.
TRUE
- well-accepted diets rich in Vit E reduce the risk CV disease & cancer
- Benefit does NOT occur w/ supp
Vitamine E.
T/F: In Canada, vitamin E is not authorized for sale for preventing disease including heart disease & cancer.
FALSE.
Vitamine E.
Dosing.
- from 1.5 - 1500 IU/day
- the normal dose is considered to be about 40 IU/day
- therefore a dose of 1500 is unecessary (although at least safe)
Vitamin E.
List some drug interactions.
- anti-coagulant/anti-platelet drugs, warfarin
- chemotherapy (anti-oxidants vs. chemotherapy drugs)
- statins/niacin (blunts rise in HDL)
Vitamin E.
List risk information.
risk of cancer, cardiac events, and mortality, especially in high risk patients
Vitamin E.
According to the HOPE-TOO study, vitamin E _____ risk of ______
Increase, CHF
Vitamin E.
According to the HOPE-TOO study, vitamin E _____ risk of ______
Increase
B-carotene.
List natural sources.
deep orange or yellow fruit/vegetables (eg. sweet potato, carrot, cantaloupe, mango, apricot)
B-carotene.
List specific uses.
(as a provitamin A or source of Vit A)
- maintain eyesight (and night vision), skin, membranes, immune fxn
- maintenance and development of bones and teeth
B-carotene.
There is no supporting as an anti-oxidant. In fact, _______ may _____ mortality.
Long-term ~12 yrs, increase
B-carotene.
I smoke !!! What are my risks re: B-carotene?
- At higher risk for lung and prostate cancer, intracerebral hemorrhage, and cdv and total mortality
- > on packages there is a warning saying that smokers taking over 6mg/day should consult HCP
B-carotene.
What is the dosing?
1800 μg/d maintains adequate vitamin A levels. Consuming 5 servings of fruit and vegetables daily provides 6 mg of β-carotene.
min 130 - max 6000 ug/day
no need for supp