L1. KINSHIP, MARRIAGE, & THE HOUSEHOLD Flashcards
What are the three different Kinship Systems?
- Blood
- Marriage
- Ritual
They are lineal kinships.
Parents and Children
They are collateral kinships.
Siblings
BLOOD [CONSANGUINEAL FAMILY]
The type of family that one is born into and grows up with, usually as a child of two parents.
Family of Orientation
BLOOD [CONSANGUINEAL FAMILY]
The type of family that one creates through marriage, adoption, and other legal processes, usually as one of the parents
Family of Procreation
BLOOD [DESCENT LINE]
Members of a family can either identify to patrilineal or matrilineal lines
Unilineal
BLOOD [DESCENT LINE]
Children only recognize the father’s side as members of their family.
Patrilineal
BLOOD [DESCENT LINE]
Tracing kinship from the female parent’s side
Matrilineal
BLOOD [DESCENT LINE]
People consider both the father’s and mother’s sides as their relatives
Bilineal
BLOOD [DESCENT LINE]
Affiliate with a group of relatives through their fathers and others through their mothers.
Ambilineal
BLOOD [DESCENT LINE]
Refers to societies in which both the patrilineal and matrilineal descent groups are recognized
Double Unilineal
A socially or ritually recognized union or legal contract between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between them, between them and their children, and between them and their in-laws
Marriage (Affinal Relationship)
MARRIAGE [AFFINAL RELATIONSHIP]
Prohibits their members to marry outside their circle.
Endogamy
MARRIAGE [AFFINAL RELATIONSHIP]
The practice of marrying someone from a different social group
Exogamy
MARRIAGE [AFFINAL RELATIONSHIP]
It is the practice of having only one partner
Monogamy
MARRIAGE [AFFINAL RELATIONSHIP]
It is the practice of having more than one marital partner.
Polygamy
MARRIAGE [AFFINAL RELATIONSHIP]: POLYGAMY
2 or more wives
Polygamous polygyny
MARRIAGE [AFFINAL RELATIONSHIP]: POLYGAMY
2 or more husbands
Polygamous polyandry
It is the Spanish term for “co-parenthood,” which is actualized by the godparents after being part of rituals or ceremonies, like baptism, weddings, and religious confirmation
Compadrazgo
- The bond between the parents and the godparents
- The relationship between the child or couple to the godparents
Ritual / Ceremonial Kinship (Fictive Kinship)
It can refer both to the patterns of social relationships themselves, or it can refer to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures
Kinship
It can also refer to a principle by which individuals or groups of individuals are organized into social groups, roles, categories and genealogy by means of kinship terminologies.
Kinship
____________ ___________ or two-sided descent affiliates an individual more or less equally with relatives on his father’s and mother’s sides.
Bilateral Descent
Affiliates an individual through the descent of one sex only, that is, either through males or through females.
Unilineal Rules
Affiliates an individual with kinsmen through the father’s or mother’s line. Some people in societies that practice this system affiliate with a group of relatives through their fathers and others through their mothers. The individual can choose which side he wants to affiliate to.
Ambilineal (or Cognatic) Rule
It refers to societies in which both the patrilineal and matrilineal descent group are recognized. In these societies an individual affiliates for some purposes with a group of patrilineal kinsmen and for other purposes with a group of matrilineal kinsmen
Double Descent
It is a social group whose members talk about common ancestry.
Descent Group
One in which the descent of an individual is reckoned either from the mother’s or the father’s line of descent. With matrilineal descent individuals belong to their mother’s descent group.
Unilineal Society
Includes the mother’s brother, who in some societies may pass along inheritance to the sister’s children or succession to a sister’s son.
Matrilineal descent
Individuals belong to their father’s descent group.
Patrilineal Descent
It is a socially or ritually recognized union or legal contract between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between them, between them and their children, and between them and their in-laws
Marriage
When defined broadly, it is considered a cultural universal.
Marriage
TYPE OF KINSHIPS
Every individual who belong to a nuclear family finds this within the family.
There are 8 kinds: husband-wife, father-son, mother-son, father-daughter, mother-daughter, younger brother-elder brother, younger sister-elder sister and brother-sister.
Primary Kins
TYPE OF KINSHIPS
Outside the nuclear family and the individual can have 33 types of these.
Secondary Kins
TYPE OF KINSHIPS
This refers to the secondary kins of our primary insofar example wife’s brother’s son, sister’s husband’s brother and so on. There are 151 types of this.
Tertiary Kins
TYPES OF MARRIAGES
It is a form of marriage in which one man marries more than one woman at a given time
Polygyny
TYPES OF MARRIAGES
It is a type of marriage in which the wives are invariably the sisters. It is often called sororate.
Sororal polygyny
TYPES OF MARRIAGES
It is a type of marriage in which the wives are not related as sisters.
Non-sororal polygyny
TYPES OF MARRIAGES
It is the marriage of one woman with more than one man. It is less common than polygyny.
Polyandry
TYPES OF MARRIAGES
When several brothers share the same wife.
Fraternal polyandry
The practice of being mate, actual or potential to one’s husband’s brothers. It is prevalent among Todas.
Levirate
TYPES OF MARRIAGES
In this type the husband need not have any close relationship prior to the marriage. The wife goes to spend some time with each husband. So long as a woman lives with one of her husbands; the others have no claim over her.
Non - Fraternal polyandry
TYPES OF MARRIAGES
It is a form of marriage in which one man marries one woman .It is the most common and acceptable form of marriage.
Monogamy
TYPES OF MARRIAGES
In many societies individuals are permitted to marry again often on the death of the first spouse or after divorce but they cannot have more than one spouse at one and the same time.
Serial Monogamy
TYPES OF MARRIAGES
In this remarriage is not allowed
Straight Monogamy
TYPES OF MARRIAGES
It means the marriage of two or more women with two or more men. Here the husbands are common husbands and wives are common wives. Children are regarded as the children of the entire group as a whole.
Group Marriage
No society gives absolute freedom to its members to select their partners.
Rules of Marriage
RULES OF MARRIAGE
It is a rule of marriage in which the life-partners are to be selected within the group. It is marriage within the group and the group may be caste, class, tribe, race, village, religious group etc.
Endogamy
RULES OF MARRIAGE
It is a rule of marriage in which an individual has to marry outside his own group. It prohibits marrying within the group. The so-called blood relatives shall neither have marital connections nor sexual contacts among themselves
Exogamy
FORMS OF EXOGAMY
The Hindu practice of one marrying outside one’s own gotra.
Gotra Exogamy
FORMS OF EXOGAMY
Those who belong to the same pravara cannot marry among themselves.
Pravara Exogamy
FORMS OF EXOGAMY
Many Indian tribes like Naga, Garo, Munda, etc. have the practice of marrying outside their village.
Village Exogamy
FORMS OF EXOGAMY
Those who belong to the same panda or sapinda ( common parentage) cannot marry within themselves.
Pinda Exogamy
RULES OF MARRIAGE
It is the marriage between two equals (status)
Isogamy
RULES OF MARRIAGE
It is an asymmetric marriage alliance between two individuals belonging to different social statuses. It is of two forms - Hypergamy and Hypogamy.
Anisogamy
RULES OF MARRIAGE
It is the marriage of a woman with a man of higher Varna or superior caste or family.
Hypergamy
RULES OF MARRIAGE
It is the marriage of high caste man with a low caste woman.
Hypogamy
RULES OF MARRIAGE
It is two or more men get married to two or more women.
Cerogamy
RULES OF MARRIAGE
It is the marriage between selected groups.
Orthogamy
RULES OF MARRIAGE
It is a marriage under which a man can marry from his own caste or from those below, but a woman can marry only in her caste or above.
Anuloma Marriage
RULES OF MARRIAGE
It is a marriage of a woman to a man from a lower caste which is not permitted.
Pratiloma Marriage
