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Marine Conservation Science > L1 - Introduction/UK Marine Conservation > Flashcards

L1 - Introduction/UK Marine Conservation Flashcards

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1
Q

Give 3 reasons why we should bother with marine conservation

A
  1. To give attention to less known species - to reduce the effect of the fluffy theory of conservation
  2. Because there is a recreational value of the marine environment
  3. To support the global economy
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2
Q

In which year was the UK’s Marine Biodiversity Action Plan published by the government?

A

1994

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3
Q

How many marine mammal species are found in UK waters and how many of which are regularly recorded?

A

28 and 10 regularly recorded

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4
Q

What are the two most common cetaceans species found in UK waters?

A

The Harbour Porpoise and The Common Dolphin

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5
Q

What are the main conservation issues for cetaceans?

A
  1. Bycatch
  2. Food Supply
  3. Marine Pollution
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6
Q

Which 3 species of whale are highly threatened?

A

Northern Right Whale
Blue Whale
Humpback Whale

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7
Q

What are the main conservation issues for whales?

A
  1. Unknown recoveries from whaling
  2. Scientific whaling is still legal
  3. Marine Pollution
  4. Cetacean Decompression Sickness
  5. Redistribution of plankton with climate change = deceased food supply for filter feeders
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8
Q

What is CDS?

A

Cetacean Decompression Sickness

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9
Q

Complete the Sentence:

If you have more than ___% of the global population you are internationally obliged to conserve and protect decline

A

10%

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10
Q

What are the 2 main species of seals found in UK waters?

A

The Grey Seal and the Common Seal

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11
Q

What are the main conservation issues for seals?

A
  1. Phocine Distemper Virus
  2. Bycatch in near-shore gill nets
  3. Marine Pollution
  4. Disturbance due to Tourism
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12
Q

Why is it hard to conserve and collect data on reptiles like the Leatherback Turtle?

A

They are oceanic wanderers

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13
Q

What % of demersal fish are below safe biological limits?

A

60%

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14
Q

What is the only species of stable and protected sharks?

A

Basking Shark

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15
Q

What are the main conservation issues for fish?

A
  1. Overfishing
  2. Loss of spawning grounds
  3. Global warming
  4. Marine Pollution
  5. Insufficient Data
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16
Q

What is a Teleosts?

A

Boney Fish

17
Q

What is an Elasmobranch?

A

Fish with no Bones

18
Q

How many species seabirds are there in the UK?

A

25

19
Q

Why are populations of Roseate Turn in decline?

A

They are emigrating to Ireland where there is less disturbance

20
Q

What is botulism?

A

When a bird feeds of landfill and gets a bacterial infection

21
Q

What are the main conversation issues to seabirds?

A
  1. Habitat Loss
  2. Food Supply
  3. Marine Pollution
  4. Bycatch
22
Q

What are the main conservation issues to shorebirds?

A
  1. Habitat Loss
  2. Reversed effects of eutrophication
  3. Disturbance
23
Q

Name 3 particularly rare invertebrates/marcoalgae?

A
  1. Pink Seafan
  2. Tall Sea Pen
  3. Native Oyster
24
Q

How much habitat is lost each time an area of the North Sea is dredged?

A

98%

25
Q

Name 3 habitat forming organisms and what they form

A
  1. Sabellaria alveolata – intertidal and subtotal biogenic reefs
  2. Modiolus modiolus – subtidal beds
  3. Lophelia pertusa – deep water cold corals
26
Q

What is maerl?

A

Calcified Red Algae that forms subtidal beds

27
Q

Which Chalk Reef has a problem with invasive pacific oysters?

A

Norfolk Chalk Reef

28
Q

What are the 12 main threats to the marine environment as a result of human activity?

A
  1. Offshore Oil & Gas
  2. Shipping
  3. Renewable Energy
  4. Fisheries
  5. Mariculture
  6. Dredging
  7. Recreation
  8. Marine Aggregates
  9. Engineering
  10. Waste Dumping
  11. Military Activity
  12. Land Run-Off
29
Q

What was the difference between the 1979 and 1998 reviews of conservation in the UK?

A

In 1998 there was more of an ecosystem approach compared to the traditional species approach in 1979

30
Q

What are the 5 sections of the marine bill (in order of importance and declining scale)

A
  1. Wider Seas
  2. Regional Seas
  3. Marine Landscapes
  4. Important Marine Areas
  5. Priority Marine Features
31
Q

What is the name of the area in focus for the Wider Seas approach? and what does the Wider Seas approach aim to do?

A

NE Atlantic Biogeographic Region

Aims to harmonise international obligations

32
Q

What does a Regional Seas approach do?

A

Assess marine biological resources and the physical and chemical processes on which they depend on

33
Q

What are Marine Landscapes?

A

Regions/Areas with limited biological data but with a requirement to strategically manage human activities

34
Q

What is included in a Marine Area and what are the 6 criteria for consideration?

A

All species and habitats including geological and geomorphological features

  1. Typicalness
  2. Naturalness
  3. Size
  4. Biological Diversity
  5. Critical Area?
  6. Are there any priority marine features?
35
Q

What are the 4 criteria that must be considered for Priority Marine Features?

A
  1. Importance at Global and Regional Scales
  2. Rarity
  3. Rates of Current Decline
  4. Threat of Decline

Marine Conservation Science (8 decks)

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