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General Ecology > L1: Introduction > Flashcards

L1: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is ecology?

A

The study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.

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2
Q

Who coined the term ecology (oekologie, meaning relation of the animal both to its organic as well as its inorganic environment)?

A

Ernst Haeckel

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3
Q

Who first described the interrelationships between organisms and their nonliving environment?

A

Theophrastus

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4
Q

Who theorized the conflict between expanding populations and the capability of the Earth to supply food?

A

Thomas Malthus

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5
Q

What is Malthusianism?

A

Malthusian Theory. It states that population growth will always tend to outrun the food supply and that betterment of humankind is impossible without stern limits on reproduction.

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6
Q

Who is the father of botany?

A

Theophrastus

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7
Q

Who is the father of biogerontology?

A

Raymond Pearl

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8
Q

Who developed the prey-predator model?

A

Alfred Lotka
Vito Volterra

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9
Q

What is biogerontology?

A

The study of the biological bases of ageing and age-related diseases

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10
Q

They applied mathematics to ecology

A

Raymond Pearl
Alfred Lotka
Vito Volterra

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11
Q

They developed the concept of animal behavior (ethology)

A

Konrad Lorenz
Nikolaas Tinbergen

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12
Q

Who conceptualized imprinting?

A

Konrad Lorenz

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13
Q

Who studied the role of social behavior in the regulation of populations through epideictic displays?

A

Vero Wynne-Edwards

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14
Q

What is group selection?

A

Natural selection at the level of groups

Many behaviors evolved for the good of a species as a whole

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15
Q

Who introduced the concept of trophic levels and how energy is transferred from producers to consumers?

A

August Thienemann

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16
Q

What are trophic levels?

A

An organism’s number of steps from the start of the food chain

17
Q

Who developed the concept of ecological niches and pyramids of numbers & the food chain and food web concept?

A

Charles Elton

18
Q

Who measured the energy budget of lakes, developed the idea of primary productivity, and developed limnology?

A

Edward Birge
Chancey Juday

19
Q

What is limnology?

A

The study of inland aquatic ecosystems

20
Q

Who developed the trophic-dynamic concept of ecology?

A

Raymond Lindeman

21
Q

What is Lindeman’s 10% Law?

A

Only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to another

22
Q

Who quantified field studies of energy flow through ecosystems?

A

Eugene Odum
Howard Odum

23
Q

Who is the father of modern ecology?

A

Eugene Odum

24
Q

Who studied the Nutrient Cycle?

A

J.D. Ovington

25
Q

What is the ecological hierarchy?

A

Individual
Population
Interactions
Community
Ecosystem
Landscape
Region
Biosphere

26
Q

A branch of ecology that deals with the study of how organisms survive in their environments, with emphasis on extreme conditions

A

Physiological Ecology

27
Q

A branch of ecology that deals with the study of the factors that drive behavioral adaptation and how individuals find their food and avoid predators

A

Behavioral Ecology

28
Q

A branch of ecology that deals with the study of the environmental factors that drive species adaptations and how populations have changed genetically over several generations

A

Evolutionary Ecology

29
Q

Also called autecology.
A branch of ecology that deals with the study of a single species and why some species are rare while others are abundant

A

Population Ecology

30
Q

A branch of ecology that deals with the study of the evolutionary effects of interactions on a species and on population structure or properties of ecological communities

A

Ecology of Interactions

31
Q

Also called synecology.
A branch of ecology that deals with the study of the subsets of organisms and what ecological factors determine how many species are present in an area

A

Community Ecology

32
Q

A branch of ecology that deals with the study of large-scale ecological issues such as biomass, energy flow, and nutrient cycling

A

Ecosystem Ecology

33
Q

A branch of ecology that deals with the study of landscape structure and processes

A

Landscape Ecology

34
Q

A branch of ecology that deals with the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment across the biosphere.

A

Geographic Ecology

35
Q

A branch of ecology that deals with the prevention of species extinction

A

Conservation Ecology

36
Q

A branch of ecology that deals with the interdisciplinary study of the ecology of the earth’s atmosphere boundary

A

Aeroecology

37
Q

A branch of ecology that deals with the study of urban areas

A

Urban Ecology

General Ecology (13 decks)

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