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General Ecology > Interactions > Flashcards

Interactions Flashcards

1
Q

Competition that involves direct interaction between individuals

A

Interference Competition

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2
Q

A condition where there is a limited supply of resources

A

Resource Limitation

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3
Q

Competition that takes place when members of the same species compete

A

Intraspecific Competition

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4
Q

Competition that happens between individuals of two species that reduces the fitness of both

A

Interspecific Competition

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5
Q

Competition involving the use of limited resources

A

Exploitative Competition
or
Resource Competition

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6
Q

Who studied and what organism was used to study intraspecific competition among plants?

A

Tilman & Cowan (1989)
Sarghasum nutans

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7
Q

A process among plants where the more biomass of a plant, the fewer the individuals

A

Self-Thinning

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8
Q

Who studied and what organism was used to study intraspecific competition in animals?

A

Denno & Roderick (1992)
Prokelsia marginata (planthopper)

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9
Q

Who studied and what organism was used to study interference competition among terrestrial isopods?

A

Grosholz (1992)
Porcello scaber

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10
Q

States that two species with identical niches cannot coexist indefinitely

A

Competitive Exclusion Principle

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11
Q

Who helped ensure a prominent place for the niche concept in modern ecology?

A

G.F. Gause (1934)

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12
Q

A niche where an organism faces no competitors

A

Fundamental Niche

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13
Q

A niche where an organism faces competitors

A

Realized Niche

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14
Q

Who linked differences in beak size and form among Darwin’s finches to differences in their feeding niches?

A

David Lack (1947)

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15
Q

Darwin’s finch that eats larger seeds

A

Geospiza magnirostris
Large Ground Finch

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16
Q

Darwin’s finch that eats medium-sized seeds

A

Geospiza fortis
Medium Ground Finch

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17
Q

Darwin’s finch that eats small seeds

A

Geospiza fulginosa
Small Ground Finch

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18
Q

Who studied and what organisms were used to study niche overlap and competition between barnacles?

A

Joseph Connell
Balanus balanoides
Chthamalus stellanus

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19
Q

The circumstance in which two species differ more from each other in geographic areas where they occur together than where their distributions do not overlap

A

Character Displacement

20
Q

Speciation that occurs when a species separates into two separate groups which are isolated from one another

A

Allopatric

21
Q

Speciation that occurs when there are no physical barriers preventing any members of a species from mating with another, and all members are in close proximity to one another

A

Sympatric

22
Q

Interaction that enhances the fitness of one individual while reducing the fitness of another

A

Exploitative Interaction

23
Q

Organisms that live on the tissues of their host, often reducing its fitness but not killing it

A

Parasites

24
Q

An insect whose larva consumes its host and kills it in the process

A

Parasitoid

25
Q

A parasite that changes the behavior of its amphipod host

A

Acanthocephalans

26
Q

A plant process where it grows tall quickly

A

Bolting

27
Q

A plant pathogen that mimics flowers by producing pseudoflowers and promotes reproduction by the fungus

A

Puccinia monoica

28
Q

Who proposed the overpopulation theories which suggested that periods of high population growth are followed by several factors

A

Lloyd Keith (1963)

29
Q

Cyclic abundance in response to the number of prey and predators

A

Numerical Response

30
Q

Cyclic abundance in response to the differences in kill rate and predation

A

Functional Response

31
Q

Situations in which members of an exploited population have some protection from predators and parasites

A

Refuges

32
Q

A response resulting in increasing rates of food intake as prey density increases

A

Predator Functional Response

33
Q

Occurs when very high prey population densities increase an individual’s likelihood to survive predation and exploitation

A

Predator Satiation

34
Q

Behavioral effects of predators on prey populations as a result of prey avoiding high-risk situations

A

Ecology of Fear

35
Q

A response that states that functional response is determined only by the abundance of prey

A

Prey-dependent Functional Response

36
Q

A response that states that the rate of prey consumption is determined by the ratio of prey numbers to predator numbers

A

Ratio-dependent Functional Response

37
Q

Interactions between individuals of different species that benefit both partners

A

Mutualism

38
Q

A mutualistic relationship wherein one benefits while the other is neither benefited or harmed

A

Commensalism

39
Q

A mutualistic relationship wherein one can live with or without their mutualistic partner

A

Facultative Mutualism

40
Q

A mutualistic relationship wherein one or both are critically dependent on their partner for survival

A

Obligate Mutualism

41
Q

Who was the first to correctly recognize that mycorrhizae involve a mutualistic relationship between plants and fungi?

A

Albert Frank (1885)

42
Q

Ants with a mutualistic relationship with bullhorn acacias

A

Pseudomyrmex spp

43
Q

Mutualists that give and receive measurable benefits to another organism

A

Successful Mutualists

44
Q

Mutualists that give benefits to another organism but, for some reason, do not receive any benefit in return

A

Unsuccessful Mutualists

45
Q

Mutualists neither giving nor receiving benefits from a mutualistic partner

A

Nonmutualists

46
Q

Two common types of mycorrhizae

A

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Ectomycorrhizae

General Ecology (13 decks)

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