L1 HISTOMTLE Flashcards
Commercial stock formaldehyde solutions contain:
A. 4% formaldehyde
B. 10% formaldehyde
C. 37% to 40% formaldehyde
D. 98% to 100% formaldehyde
C. 37% to 40% formaldehyde
10% formalin contains approximately what percentage of formaldehyde?
A. 4
B. 10
C. 37
D. 100
A. 4
A microwave oven can be used for fixation because it:
A. Causes cross-linking of proteins
B. Induces physical fixation
C. Increases tissue basophilia
D. Inactivates enzymes with beta-radiation
B. Induces physical fixation
This organ is usually suspended whole in 10% buffered formalin for 2 to 3 weeks to ensure fixation and some hardening prior to sectioning.
A. Lungs
B. Liver
C. Brain
D. Amputated foot
C. Brain
Fixatives that give the best results with metachromatic staining and are the routine fixatives of choice for preservation of detail for photography:
A. Formalin fixatives
B. Mercurial fixatives
C. Lead fixatives
D. Chromate fixatives
B. Mercurial fixatives
Airholes found on tissue
A. Incomplete fixation
B. Incomplete dehydration
C. Incomplete clearing
D. Incomplete impregnation
D. Incomplete impregnation
Tissue is opaque, section cutting is difficult due to the presence of alcohol.
A.Incomplete fixation
B.Incomplete dehydration
C.Insufficient clearing
D. Incomplete impregnation
C.Insufficient clearing
Tissue is soft when block is trimmed:
A.Incomplete fixation
B.Incomplete dehydration
C.Incomplete clearing
D.Incomplete impregnation
A.Incomplete fixation
The first and most critical step in histotechnology?
A. Fixation
B. Clearing
C. Infiltration
D. Embedding
A. Fixation
These knives are used to cut block for ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (EM):
A. Disposal blades
B. Steel knives
C. Diamond or glass knives
D. Magnetic blades
C. Diamond or glass knives
Microtome knives for PARAFFIN SECTIONING are usually made of:
A. Carbon steel
B. Diamond
C. Glass
D. Iron
A. Carbon steel
It is considered to be as the best vital dye.
A. Janus green
B. Neutral red
C. Nile blue
D. Toluidine blue
B. Neutral red
It is used for demonstrating mitochondria during vital staining:
A. Janus green
B. Neutral red
C. Nile blue
D. Toluidine blue
A. Janus green
Oldest stain:
A. Orcein
B. Iodine
C. Eosin
D. Hematoxylin
B. Iodine
What is the most sensitive lipid stain?
A. Oil red O
B. Sudan III
C. Sudan IV
D. Sudan Black B
D. Sudan Black B
The phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) is useful for demonstrating:
A. Edema fluid
B. Muscle striations
C. Ground substance
D. Reticulin network
B. Muscle striations
The connective tissue cells actively involved in wound healing are:
A. Plasma cells
B. Mast cells
C. Macrophages
D. Fibroblasts
D. Fibroblasts
Due to chronic trauma induced by ill-fitting dentures:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Metaplasia
B. Hyperplasia
It is a special form of cell death produced by the TUBERCLE BACILLUS.
A. Coagulation necrosis
B. Liquefaction necrosis
C. Fat necrosis
D. Caseous necrosis
D. Caseous necrosis
Cell death due to ischemia is known as Infarction and is manifested by a characteristic histologic appearance which is:
A. Coagulation necrosis
B. Liquefaction necrosis
C. Fat necrosis
D. Caseous necrosis
A. Coagulation necrosis
Which of the following organs should not be dissected before they are fixed?
A. Eyes
B. Lungs
C. Heart
D. Liver
A. Eyes
Formalin fixes tissue by:
A. Causing a loss of color
B. Forming crosslinks
C. Forming formic acid
D. Facilitating numerous staining techniques
B. Forming crosslinks
The primary aim of fixation:
A. Preserve the morphologic and chemical integrity of the cell
B. Act as mordant or accentuators
C. Harden and protect the tissue from trauma of further handling
D. Inhibit bacterial decomposition
A. Preserve the morphologic and chemical integrity of the cell
The secondary goal of fixation:
A. Preserve the morphologic and chemical integrity of the cell
B. Act as mordant or accentuators
C. Harden and protect the tissue from trauma of further handling
D. Inhibit bacterial decomposition
C. Harden and protect the tissue from trauma of further handling
To prevent the formation of formalin pigment in tissues, formalin should be:
A. Heated
B. Cooled
C. Buffered
D. Acidified
C. Buffered
The breakdown of tissue due to enzyme activity is called:
A. Polymerization
B. Putrefaction
C. Autolysis
D. Osmosis
C. Autolysis
The breakdown of tissue by bacterial action is called:
A. Autolysis
B. Putrefaction
C. Denaturation
D. Oxidation
B. Putrefaction
A physical agent used in fixation:
A. Stabilization of protein
B. Heat
C. Coagulation
D. Alcohol
B. Heat
For good fixation it is recommended that the tissue be no larger than:
A. 2 cm square and 1 to 2 mm thick
B. 2 cm square and 3 to 4 mm thick
C. 3 cm square and 1 to 2 mm thick
D. 3 cm square and 3 to 4 mm thick
B. 2 cm square and 3 to 4 mm thick
The best fixative for blood smears is:
A. Bouin solution
B. Carnoy fluid
C. B-5
D. Methanol
D. Methanol
A universal fixative used for routine purposes and which allows a broad spectrum of staining procedures is:
A. Zenker fluid
B. Zamboni PAF
C. 10% neutral buffered formalin
D. Carnoy solution
C. 10% neutral buffered formalin
Formalin pigment may be removed from tissue by:
A. Running water
B. Alcoholic picric acid
C. Alcoholic iodine
D. Potassium permanganate
B. Alcoholic picric acid
Precipitate left in tissues that have been fixed in solutions containing mercuric chloride may be removed by immersion in:
A. Running water
B. Weak ammonia water
C. Sodium thiosulfate
D. Iodine
D. Iodine
Carnoy solution contains all of the following, EXCEPT:
A. Absolute alcohol
B. Chloroform
C. Glacial acetic acid
D. Cedarwood oil
D. Cedarwood oil
A small electrical fire occurs in the laboratory. The fire should be extinguished with:
A. Water
B. Soda acid
C. Carbon tetrachloride
D. Carbon dioxide
D. Carbon dioxide
Routine paraffin sections are cut at what micrometer (micron) setting?
A. 1 to 3 um
B. 4 to 6 um
C. 7 to 9 um
D. 10 to 15 um
B. 4 to 6 um
During the morning rush, your laboratory manager comes into the laboratory and starts explaining a new policy regarding vacation requests. Word spreads of the change throughout the day, and the message has changed somewhat. Several in the laboratory are upset and complain to the laboratory manager.
Which of the following actions is the most appropriate way to handle such a situation?
A. Nothing should be changed, it was handled appropriately
B. The manager should have posted the change on the bulletin board in the break room
C. The manager should have announced the policy on each shift
D. The manager should have discussed and distributed the policy at a laboratory meeting, or several laboratory meetings, so that all employees heard the policy from the manager
D. The manager should have discussed and distributed the policy at a laboratory meeting, or several laboratory meetings, so that all employees heard the policy from the manager
You are the lead chemistry MLS. Your laboratory manager has asked you to evaluate two new methods for cholesterol analysis.
In your evaluation, you found that method A was very accurate and precise and that method B was not very accurate and precise. However, the laboratory will make more money by investing in method B.
Which of the following decisions would exhibit professionalism?
A. Recommend method A to your laboratory manager. It is important that the laboratory produce the most accurate and precise results.
B. Recommend method B to your laboratory manager. It is important that the laboratory make as much money as possible.
C. State that you are unable to make a recommendation, because no difference in the methods was noted.
D. Recommend that you need more time to evaluate both methods.
A. Recommend method A to your laboratory manager. It is important that the laboratory produce the most accurate and precise results.
The four essential functions of a manager are:
A. Staffing, decision making, cost analysis, evaluating
B. Directing, leading, forecasting, implementing
C. Planning, organizing, directing, controlling
D. Innovating, designing, coordinating, problem-solving
C. Planning, organizing, directing, controlling
What is the most important role of the manager in charge?
A. Independent decision making
B. Communication
C. Informal discussions
D. None of the above
B. Communication
Introduced medical technology practice in the Philippines after World War II:
A. Dr. Pio de Roda
B. Dr. Mariano Icasiano
C. Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana
D. 26th Medical Laboratory of the 6th US Army
D. 26th Medical Laboratory of the 6th US Army
First clinical laboratory in the Philippines:
A. San Lazaro Hospital
B. Manila Public Health Laboratory
C. Research Institute for Tropical Medicine
D. National Reference Laboratory
B. Manila Public Health Laboratory
When drawing a blood alcohol specimen, it is acceptable to clean the arm with:
A. Benzalkonium chloride
B. Isopropyl alcohol
C. Methanol prep.
D. Tincture of iodine
A. Benzalkonium chloride
A solution used to clean the site before routine venipuncture is:
A. 5.25% sodium hypochlorite.
B. 70% isopropyl alcohol.
C. 70% methanol.
D. Povidone–iodine.
B. 70% isopropyl alcohol.
Active hyperemia:
A. Nose bleeding
B. Gum bleeding
C. Blushing
D. Bruising
C. Blushing
RESPECT the decisions (self-determination) of adults who have decision-making capacity.
Moral rules or obligations:
- Tell the truth
- Respect the privacy of others
- Protect confidential information
- Obtain consent for interventions with patients
A. Autonomy
B. Beneficence
C. Non-maleficence
D. Justice
A. Autonomy
Aspects of this principle:
- Providing benefits
- Balancing benefits and risks/harms
This principle supports the following moral rules or obligations:
- Protect and defend the rights of others
- Prevent harm from occurring to others
- Remove conditions that will cause harm
- Help persons with disabilities
- Rescue persons in danger
A. Autonomy
B. Beneficence
C. Non-maleficence
D. Justice
B. Beneficence
This principle holds that there is an obligation not to inflict harm on others. It is closely associated with the maxim primum non nocere (first do no harm).
This principle supports the following rules:
- Do not kill
- Do not cause pain or suffering
- Do not incapacitate
- Do not cause offense
A. Autonomy
B. Beneficence
C. Non-maleficence
D. Justice
C. Non-maleficence
If the cell or tissue antigen of interest is detected by directly binding a labeled primary antibody specific for that antigen:
A. Direct immunohistochemistry
B. Indirect immunohistochemistry
C. Both of these
D. None of these
A. Direct immunohistochemistry
Uses an unlabeled primary antibody that is detected bound to its antigen with labeled secondary antibodies:
A. Direct immunohistochemistry
B. Indirect immunohistochemistry
C. Both of these
D. None of these
B. Indirect immunohistochemistry