Assessment HISTOMTLE Flashcards

Question

Malignant tumors of epithelial tissue origin, which have less tendency to produce supporting tissue or stroma. Carcinoma Sarcoma Polyps or papillomas Adenoma

Answer 1

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) ## Footnote Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein associated with many cancers including adenocarcinomas of the colon, pancreas, lung, stomach, and breast. It is used clinically to follow up patients with certain malignancies, such as colon cancer, and to evaluate them for recurrence or metastases.

Answer 2

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) ## Footnote Infection by herpes simplex virus (HSV) or varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is recognized by nuclear homogenization (ground-glass nuclei), intranuclear inclusions (Cowdry type A bodies), and the formation of multinucleated cells.

Answer 3

Necrobiosis

Answer 4

Grossly have the appearance of “chicken fat” overlying “currant jelly” ## Footnote The postmortem clot is usually rubbery, gelatinous, and lacks fibrin strands and attachments to the vessel wall. Large postmortem clots may have a “chicken fat” appearance overlying a dark “currant jelly” base.

Answer 5

Rokitansky

Answer 6

Next of kin or the nearest relative of the deceased

Answer 7

Rudolf Carl Virchow

Answer 8

George Nicholas Papanicolaou

Answer 9

Liquid nitrogen

Answer 10

Quenching at –160C, sublimation at –40C

Answer 11

Preserve the morphologic and chemical integrity of the cell

Answer 12

Harden and protect the tissue from trauma of further handling

Answer 13

Chemical fixation ## Footnote Fixation of tissues can be achieved by chemical or physical means. Physical methods include heating, micro-waving and cryo-preservation (freeze drying). Chemical fixation is usually achieved by immersing the specimen in the fixative (immersion fixation) or, in the case of small animals or some whole organs such as a lung, by perfusing the vascular system with fixative (perfusion fixation).

Answer 14

Zenker's fluid

Answer 15

Formaldehyde (methanal)

Answer 16

Phosphate ## Footnote Commercial formalin is buffered with phosphate at a pH of 7.

Answer 17

37% to 40% formaldehyde

Answer 18

Alcoholic picric acid

Answer 19

Increases the speed of fixation

Answer 20

Methyl alcohol

Answer 21

Saturated solution of iodine

Answer 22

Formalin pigment

Answer 23

It contains chromic acid and osmium tetroxide

Answer 24

Carnoy's fluid

Answer 25

Heidenhain’s Susa solution

Answer 26

Orth's fluid

Answer 27

1 part 40% formaldehyde to 9 parts water

Answer 28

Incomplete fixation

Answer 29

Incomplete dehydration

Answer 30

Insufficient clearing

Answer 31

Incomplete impregnation

Answer 32

Amyloidosis ## Footnote The histologic diagnosis of amyloid is based solely on its special staining characteristics. It stains pink with the routine hematoxylin and eosin stain, but, with Congo red stain, amyloid stains dark red and has an apple-green birefringence when viewed under polarized light.

Answer 33

Nitric acid

Answer 34

Sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid, water

Answer 35

X-ray or radiological test

Answer 36

For both dehydrating and clearing tissues

Answer 37

Sliding microtome

Answer 38

Sliding microtome

Answer 39

Belgium yellow

Answer 40

Temperature of the infiltrating paraffin

Answer 41

Tissue mat

Answer 42

Tissue transfer ## Footnote TWO MAIN TYPES OF PROCESSORS 1. TISSUE-TRANSFER (or “dip and dunk”) machines where specimens are transferred from container to container to be processed 2. FLUID-TRANSFER (or “enclosed”) types where specimens are held in a single process chamber or retort and fluids are pumped in and out as required

Answer 43

Fluid transfer ## Footnote TWO MAIN TYPES OF PROCESSORS 1. TISSUE-TRANSFER (or “dip and dunk”) machines where specimens are transferred from container to container to be processed 2. FLUID-TRANSFER (or “enclosed”) types where specimens are held in a single process chamber or retort and fluids are pumped in and out as required

Answer 44

Histological wax ## Footnote “Tissue processing” describes the steps required to take animal or human tissue from fixation to the state where it is completely infiltrated with a suitable histological wax and can be embedded ready for section cutting on the microtome.

Answer 45

Incomplete fixation

Answer 46

Incomplete dehydration

Answer 47

Incomplete impregnation

Answer 48

Non-acidified hematoxylin ## Footnote Using the regressive staining method, one deliberately overstains the NUCLEUS with a NON-ACIDIFIED HEMATOXYLIN such as Harris's.

Answer 49

Indirect staining

Answer 50

Link tissue constituents more closely to the dye

Answer 51

Regressive staining

Answer 52

Make nuclear staining more specific

Answer 53

Change reagents and reprocess tissue ## Footnote Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissue section shows uneven nuclear staining and "blue blobs" lacking distinct chromatin patterns POSSIBLE CAUSE: If tissue was fixed properly, then sample was improperly dehydrated and infiltrated with paraffin CORRECTION: Change reagents and reprocess tissue on proper processing protocol

Answer 54

Janus green

Answer 55

Periodic acid Schiff

Answer 56

Masson trichrome

Answer 57

Muscle striations

Answer 58

Feulgen reaction

Answer 59

Mast cells

Answer 60

Sudan Black B

Answer 61

Luxol fast blue

Answer 62

Cajal's ## Footnote Cajal’s gold sublimate method for astrocytes Mod. Holzer’s method for astrocytic process

Answer 63

von Kossa silver nitrate

Answer 64

Copper ## Footnote Rhodanine stain is used in histology to identify copper deposits.

Answer 65

Acridine orange

Answer 66

Fluorescent microscope

Answer 67

Quality control ## Footnote Quality Control (QC) is a system of routine technical activities to assess and maintain the quality of the inventory as it is being compiled. It is performed by personnel compiling the inventory. The QC system is designed to: 1. Provide routine and consistent checks to ensure data integrity, correctness, and completeness; 2. Identify and address errors and omissions; 3. Document and archive inventory material and record all QC activities. QC activities include general methods such as accuracy checks on data acquisition and calculations, and the use of approved standardized procedures for emission and removal calculations, measurements, estimating uncertainties, archiving information and reporting. QC activities also include technical reviews of categories, activity data, emission factors, other estimation parameters, and methods. Quality Assurance (QA) is a planned system of review procedures conducted by personnel not directly involved in the inventory compilation/development process. Reviews, preferably by independent third parties, are performed upon a completed inventory following the implementation of QC procedures.

Answer 68

Epidemiological triad ## Footnote EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD REMEMBER "AHE" - Agent, Host and Environment A number of models of disease causation have been proposed. Among the simplest of these is the EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD OR TRIANGLE, the traditional model for infectious disease. The triad consists of an external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together. In this model, disease results from the interaction between the agent and the susceptible host in an environment that supports transmission of the agent from a source to that host.

Answer 69

2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol

Answer 70

Viral marker testing

Answer 71

All of the above

Answer 72

Identify employees in need of retraining

Answer 73

Are used solely for the purpose of identifying “troublemakers”

Answer 74

All of the above

Answer 75

Written laboratory safety program

Answer 76

Personal protective equipment

Answer 77

Hand washing

Answer 78

Accident or injury occurs

Answer 79

Safety education

Answer 80

The manager should have discussed and distributed the policy at a laboratory meeting, or several laboratory meetings, so that all employees heard the policy from the manager

Answer 81

Communication

Answer 82

All of the above

Answer 83

Establishing a service contract for key instruments

Answer 84

Cost per billable test

Answer 85

Recommend method A to your laboratory manager. It is important that the laboratory produce the most accurate and precise results

Answer 86

Matching the people presently working in the laboratory with current workload requirements ## Footnote An effective manager will schedule the appropriate personnel to the workload requirements. Scheduling is an immediate and ongoing process versus workload management, which is a long- range planning process, and a free-for-all in a democratic schedule can create gaps in a schedule. A balance of experienced personnel on all shifts is an appropriate scheduling process.

Answer 87

Evaluate applicant’s skills and personality

Answer 88

Physician who ordered the tests

Answer 89

Laboratory supervisor ## Footnote LABORATORY SUPERVISORS Focus on PEOPLE and OPERATIONAL DELIVERY of laboratory services LABORATORY DIRECTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS Retain ultimate responsibility in achieving goals e.g. changes in technology, capital investments, and services rendered are finalized by this level of laboratory management LABORATORY MANAGERS OR CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST Create and maintain an environment for laboratory professionals to function efficiently Plan, organize, direct, and control job

Answer 90

Laboratory manager ## Footnote LABORATORY SUPERVISORS Focus on PEOPLE and OPERATIONAL DELIVERY of laboratory services LABORATORY DIRECTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS Retain ultimate responsibility in achieving goals e.g. changes in technology, capital investments, and services rendered are finalized by this level of laboratory management LABORATORY MANAGERS OR CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST Create and maintain an environment for laboratory professionals to function efficiently Plan, organize, direct, and control job

Answer 91

Blue belts

Answer 92

Purple belts

Answer 93

Planning, organizing, directing, controlling ## Footnote While managing may involve all of the functions listed, the four core processes for all managers are planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. Planning includes formulating of goals and objectives, organizing the tasks, and establishing schedules. Organizing includes establishing effective communication, relationships, job descriptions, and training. Directing involves oversight of the various steps and stages of the plan, including coordination and leadership. Controlling involves evaluating resource utilization and outcomes, managing costs, and modifying the process to improve quality.

Answer 94

Overtime pay ## Footnote All costs that are specifically linked to a test (e.g., personnel, overtime, chemicals, supplies) are direct costs.

Answer 95

Technologist labor ## Footnote Labor accounts for 60%–70% of the direct cost per test in most laboratories.

Answer 96

Identify potential problems and correct them ## Footnote The CQI team identifies problems by collecting data, analyzing it, and developing methods of correcting problems. By identifying potential problems and correcting existing problems, a high competency is achieved and potential law suits are avoided.

Answer 97

All of these options ## Footnote LIS: LABORATORY INFORMATION SYSTEM Each laboratory will have specific needs to determine the appropriate LIS. However,storage capacity, reliability, security, upgrade costs, instrument interface availability, inventory management, and quality control functions are common parameters that must be considered.

Answer 98

Any clinical lab testing done at the patient’s bedside ## Footnote Point-of-care testing saves time and is invaluable for patient care. When a device is used at the bedside of a patient to produce a laboratory result, it is considered a point-of-care instrument.

Answer 99

Capillary blood ## Footnote CAPILLARY BLOOD SAMPLES for glucose testing and for other assays are used frequently in many health care facilities for bedside testing, or point-of-care testing (POCT).

Answer 100

Organizational chart ## Footnote The organizational chart shows the lines of supervision, relationships of various staff members, and interrelationships of the various departments.

Answer 101

Prevention of boredom ## Footnote Staff development that generally improves the capabilities of the laboratory worker, improvement of laboratory functioning through in-service programs, and the meeting of accreditation requirements are important goals of a continuing education program. These goals may be accomplished by means of seminars, journal clubs, lectures, workshops, and so forth.

Answer 102

Quality assurance ## Footnote Quality assurance (QA) developed out of the limitations of the QC approach and defined quality in healthcare institutions by the success of the total organization, not just individual components of the system, in achieving the goals of patient care.

Answer 103

Blood specimens for alcohol level determination ## Footnote Chain of custody: When results of laboratory testing are to be used in a court of law, a specific chain of documentation is required, whereby all steps of the testing are recorded, from specimen collection to the issuing of the results report.

Answer 104

Specimen acceptability ## Footnote Preanalytical (i.e. pre-examination) variables include all steps in the process prior to the analytic phase of testing, starting with the physician’s order. Examples include accuracy of transmission of physician’s orders, specimen transport and preparation, requisition accuracy, quality of phlebotomy services, specimen acceptability rates, etc.

Answer 105

Fire hazard ## Footnote HAZARDUS MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION BLUE: Health hazard RED: Fire hazard WHITE: Specific hazard YELLOW: Reactivity

Answer 106

Set short-term goals for the employee

Answer 107

Dealing with people

Answer 108

Discuss the incidents with the technologist’s immediate supervisor ## Footnote The first step in progressive counseling is verbal counseling.

Answer 109

ISO 15189 ## Footnote THERE ARE TWO (2) ISO STANDARD THAT APPLY TO THE CLINICAL LABORATORY: 1. ISO 15189 MEDICAL LABORATORIES – PARTICULAR REQUIREMENT FOR QUALITY AND COMPETENCE, 2007 2. ISO/IEC 17025 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND COMPETENCE OF TESTING AND CALIBRATION LABORATORIES, 2005

Answer 110

Philippine Association of Medical Technologists ## Footnote WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PUBLISHED STANDARDS FOR 1. GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE (GMP) 1999 2. GOOD CLINICAL PRACTICE (GCP) 1995 3. GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE (GLP) 2001

Answer 111

Organizing ## Footnote MANAGEMENT PROCESS 1. PLANNING: identifying goals, evaluate current situation, establish time frame, set objectives, forecast resource needs, implement plan, obtain feedback. 2. ORGANIZING: formal hierarchy, informal relationship. 3. DIRECTING: leadership, time allocation. 4. CONTROLLING: instructions, follow-up, modifications

Answer 112

Directing ## Footnote MANAGEMENT PROCESS 1. PLANNING: identifying goals, evaluate current situation, establish time frame, set objectives, forecast resource needs, implement plan, obtain feedback. 2. ORGANIZING: formal hierarchy, informal relationship. 3. DIRECTING: leadership, time allocation. 4. CONTROLLING: instructions, follow-up, modifications

Answer 113

Planning ## Footnote MANAGEMENT PROCESS 1. PLANNING: identifying goals, evaluate current situation, establish time frame, set objectives, forecast resource needs, implement plan, obtain feedback. 2. ORGANIZING: formal hierarchy, informal relationship. 3. DIRECTING: leadership, time allocation. 4. CONTROLLING: instructions, follow-up, modifications

Answer 114

Controlling ## Footnote MANAGEMENT PROCESS 1. PLANNING: identifying goals, evaluate current situation, establish time frame, set objectives, forecast resource needs, implement plan, obtain feedback. 2. ORGANIZING: formal hierarchy, informal relationship. 3. DIRECTING: leadership, time allocation. 4. CONTROLLING: instructions, follow-up, modifications

Answer 115

Queuing theory ## Footnote QUANTITATIVE TOOLS 1. Probability analysis Measures risk by assigning a value, expressed in percentage to the likelihood of a specific event occurring 2. Queuing theory Provides recommendations for the number of staff (phlebotomists, clerks, technical personnel, and so on) needed to handle an unpredictable workload 3. Linear programming A tool for allocating limited resources among competing needs 4. Simulation Designs models to imitate real-life conditions so the different intervention scenarios can be compared

Answer 116

Immunology Culture and sensitivity Special chemistry Special hematology including coagulation procedures ## Footnote PRIMARY CATEGORY 1. Routine Hematology 2. Qualitative Platelet Determination 3. Routine Urinalysis 4. Routine Fecalysis 5. Blood Typing – for hospital-based SECONDARY CATEGORY 1. Services of primary category laboratory 2. Routine Clinical Chemistry 3. Quantitative Platelet Determination 4. Cross-matching – for hospital-based 5. Gram staining – for hospital-based 6. KOH – for hospital-based TERTIARY CATEGORY 1. Services of secondary category laboratory 2. Special Chemistry 3. Special Hematology, including coagulation procedures 4. Immunology 5. Microbiology – culture and sensitivity

Answer 117

Validation ## Footnote A computer system includes three major components: hardware, software, and people. Hardware components are the physical pieces of equipment. Software is a set of instructions written in computer language that tells the computer how to operate and manipulate the data. The people interface with the hardware to enter the data that are manipulated by the software. Just as there are many different kinds of people who enter data, so there are many different kinds of hardware and software.

Answer 118

The transmission of patient information from the HIS into the blood bank system

Answer 119

Kept confidential

Answer 120

Planning, organizing, directing, controlling ## Footnote While managing may involve all of the functions listed, the four core processes for all managers are planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. Planning includes formulating of goals and objectives, organizing the tasks, and establishing schedules. Organizing includes establishing effective communication, relationships, job descriptions, and training. Directing involves oversight of the various steps and stages of the plan, including coordination and leadership. Controlling involves evaluating resource utilization and outcomes, managing costs, and modifying the process to improve quality.

Answer 121

Disinfect area, remove gloves, remove lab coat, wash hands ## Footnote According to the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Rule of 1992, gloves and lab coats are to be removed after disinfection of the work area.

Answer 122

All of these ## Footnote The MSDS documents describe the chemical and physical characteristics, safe handling and storage, and potential health hazards of reagents used in the laboratory. These documents must be located in an easily accessible place so that all employees have access to them. They should be reviewed at least once per year during safety in service training.

Answer 123

To protect laboratory staff ## Footnote Legislation on chemical hazard precautions, such as state “right-to-know” laws, and OSHA document 29 CFR 1910 set the standards for chemical hazard communication (HAZCOM) and determine the types of documents that must be on file in a laboratory

Answer 124

All of these ## Footnote Six sigma management is a method for measuring the efficiency of a process such as mass production, and it is applied in the clinical laboratory to reduce the frequency of test errors. The process consists of five steps: define, measure, analyze, improve, and control. The term “six sigma” denotes a process so precise that six times the standard deviation still results in a useful product (laboratory test result that is within acceptable limits for total allowable error).

Answer 125

Marital status

Answer 126

Go to the eye-wash station and rinse the eye thoroughly with water ## Footnote When a chemical compound comes into contact with the skin or eyes, the first course of action is to dilute the chemical by flooding it with a large volume of water.

Answer 127

All of these

Answer 128

All of these

Answer 129

All of these

Answer 130

One year ## Footnote ADDITIONAL DRUG TESTING MAY BE REQUIRED FOR JUST CAUSE AS IN ANY OF THE FOLLOWING CASES: After workplace-related accidents, including near miss; 1. Following treatment and rehabilitation to establish fitness for returning to work/resumption of job 2. In the light of clinical findings and/or upon recommendation of the assessment team.

Answer 131

One year ## Footnote Non–hospital based clinical laboratories shall file applications for renewal of LTO beginning on the FIRST DAY OF OCTOBER UNTIL THE LAST DAY OF NOVEMBER of the current year.

Answer 132

Three years ## Footnote Beginning on January 1 of the first year of the validity period to December 31 of the third year of the validity period.

Answer 133

Thermorolerant (fecal) coliforms ## Footnote THERMOTOLERANT (FECAL) COLIFORMS Coliform organisms which grow at 44 or 44.5 C and ferment lactose to produce acid and gas

Answer 134

2 ## Footnote For the diagnostic evaluation of PTB, two (2) sputum specimens should be obtained for DSSM. Same day (spot-spot) strategy using 2 consecutive specimens collected 1-hour apart is recommended for direct Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy. AT LEAST 1 SPUTUM SMEAR POSITIVE IS CONSIDERED BACTERIOLOGICALLY CONFIRMED TB.

Answer 135

Three-man ## Footnote PRC CHAIRPERSON: Atty. Charito Zamora PRC COMMISSIONERS: Jose Y. Cueto, Jr. & Erwin Enad

Answer 136

Non-maleficence

Answer 137

Manila Public Health Laboratory

Answer 138

26th Medical Laboratory of the 6th US Army

Answer 139

In practice of laboratory medicine or MT for at least five years prior to his appointment ## Footnote In practice of laboratory medicine or medical technology for at least ten (10) years prior to his appointment BOARD OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY Head: Dr. Marilyn Barza Members: Marian Tantingco, Marilyn Atienza 1. Filipino citizen 2. Good moral character 3. Qualified pathologist or duly RMTs 4. In practice of laboratory medicine or medical technology for at least ten (10) years prior to his appointment 5. Not a member of the faculty of any medical technology school for at least two (2) years prior to appointment or having any pecuniary interest direct or indirect in such institution TERM OF OFFICE: Three (3) years after appointments or until their successors shall have been appointed and duly qualified

Answer 140

3 years after appointments or until their successors shall have been appointed and duly qualified ## Footnote TERM OF OFFICE: Three (3) years after appointments or until their successors shall have been appointed and duly qualified

Answer 141

Atty. Charito Zamora ## Footnote PRC is a THREE-MAN COMMISSION attached to the office of the President for general direction and coordination. THE CHAIRPERSON OR COMMISSIONER SHALL BE: 1. At least forty (40) years of age 2. Holding a valid certificate of registration/professional license and a valid professional identification card or a valid certificate of competency issued by the Commission or a valid professional license issued by any government agency 3. Familiar with the principles and methods of professional regulation and/or licensing 4. Had at least five (5) years of executive or management experience 5. Provided, that, one (1) of the Commissioners must be a past Chairperson/member of a Professional Regulatory Board

Answer 142

October to November ## Footnote AO 2007-0027 (CLINICAL LABORATORIES): Renewal of LTO, FIRST DAY OF OCTOBER TO LAST DAY OF NOVEMBER; processed not later than 5 working days after expiration of its license; announced licensure inspections at any reasonable time.

Answer 143

Students of secondary and tertiary schools ## Footnote MANDATORY DRUG TEST 1. Applicants for driver’s license 2. Applicants for firearm’s license 3. Officers and members of the military, police and other law enforcers 4. Persons charged before the prosecutor’s office with a criminal offense having an imposable penalty of imprisonment of not less than six (6) years and one (1) day 5. Candidates for public office whether appointed or elected both in the national or local government 6. Persons apprehended or arrested for violating the provisions of the drug act RANDOM DRUG TEST 1. Students of secondary and tertiary schools 2. Officers and employees of public and private offices whether domestic or overseas.

Answer 144

2 parallel screening tests + 1 supplemental confirmatory test ## Footnote CURRENT NATIONAL HIV TESTING DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM IN THE PHILIPPINES Current HIV testing diagnostic algorithm in the Philippines include screening test from referring labs *A reactive result from the screening test will be sent to SACCL for confirmatory testing, where 2 parallel screening tests are performed *A reactive result on either of these tests will then require Western blot and/or nucleic acid test as supplemental confirmatory tests. PROPOSED RAPID HIV TESTING DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM (rHIVda) FOR THE PHILIPPINES The Disease Prevention and Control Bureau (DPCB) of DOH, National Reference Laboratory-San Lazaro Hospital/STD AIDS Cooperative Central Laboratory (NRL SLH/SACCL), and the HIV National Reference Laboratory of Australia has conducted the research study to develop a rHIVda for the Philippines *rHIVda, includes 2 immunoassay tests and 3 RDTs for local validation of sensitivity and specificity on general and key population in the country *Key population includes men who are having sex with men, people in prisons and other closed settings, people who inject drugs, sex workers, and transgender men and women

Answer 145

Pre-test counselling

Answer 146

Post-test counselling

Answer 147

Boyfriend of the person who submitted herself to test ## Footnote RA 8504 ALL RESULTS OF HIV/AIDS TESTING SHALL BE CONFIDENTIAL AND SHALL BE RELEASED ONLY TO THE FOLLOWING PERSONS: o Person who submitted himself/herself to such test o Either parent of a minor child who has been tested o Legal guardian in the case of insane persons or orphans o Person authorized to receive such results in conjunction with the AIDSWATCH program o Justice of the Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court (as provided under Subsection (c) of RA 8504 and on accordance with the provision of Section 16) RA 11166 DISCLOSURE OF HIV-RELATED TEST RESULTS: RESULT OF ANY TEST RELATED TO HIV SHALL BE DISCLOSED BY THE TRAINED SERVICE PROVIDER WHO CONDUCTS PRE-TEST AND POST-TEST COUNSELING TO: 1. Individual who submitted to the test 2. If the patient is <15 years old, an orphan or is mentally incapacitated, the result may be disclosed to either parent, legal guardian or a duly assigned licensed social worker or health worker, whichever is applicable. 3. If the patient is <15 years old and not suffering from any mental incapacity, has given voluntary and informed consent to the procedure, the result of the test shall be disclosed to the child, provided that the child should be given age-appropriate counseling and access to health care and sufficient support services. 4. Person authorized to receive such results in conjunction with the DOH Monitoring Body

Answer 148

San Lazaro Hospital

Answer 149

Research Institute for Tropical Medicine

Answer 150

Lung Center of the Philippines

Answer 151

East Avenue Medical Center

Answer 152

National Kidney and Transplant Institute

Answer 153

THC, opiates, PCP, cocaine, and amphetamines

Answer 154

21 years old

Answer 155

Chain of custody

Answer 156

Turnaround time

Answer 157

Three months ## Footnote On March 25, the President signed into law the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act (RA 11469), which is valid for three months unless extended by Congress.

Answer 158

32 sections

Answer 159

Section 18

Answer 160

Clinical Microscopy

Answer 161

Third time

Answer 162

Unanimous vote (3/3)

Answer 163

Majority vote (2/3)

Answer 164

Students of secondary and tertiary schools

Answer 165

Use of clinical laboratory science to promote life and benefit mankind

Answer 166

WHO ## Footnote WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PUBLISHED STANDARDS FOR: 1. GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE (GMP) 1999 2. GOOD CLINICAL PRACTICE (GCP) 1995 3. GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE (GLP) 2001

Answer 167

Manila Public Health Laboratory

Answer 168

Patient's name, date of birth, medical record number ## Footnote Acceptable patient identifiers include the patient's name, an identification number assigned by a health care facility such as the medical record number, or date of birth.

Answer 169

Three years ## Footnote Administrative Order No. 2006-0024 known as the “Rules and Regulations Governing the Accreditation of Laboratories for Drinking Water Analysis Certificate of Accreditation is valid for 2 years and expires on the last day of December DOH A.O. 2020-0031 (July 17, 2020) Revised Rules and Regulations Governing the Accreditation of Laboratories for Drinking Water Analysis Laboratory for Drinking Water Analysis (LDWA) DOH Certificate of Accreditation is valid for 3 years, effective from January 1 of the first year, and shall expire on the last day of December on the third year

Answer 170

Affidavit of undertaking ## Footnote AFFIDAVIT OF UNDERTAKING Contains your specific promises to: 1. Undertake to comply with the required number of CPD credit units during the validity of your PRC ID; and to 2. Submit proof of compliance with the required number of CPD units during the next renewal of the PRC ID

Answer 171

Strive for excellence in professional practice

Answer 172

All of these ## Footnote Quality assurance is the broader concept, encompassing preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical variables.

Answer 173

Dysplasia ## Footnote Cellular adaptations: 1. Atrophy 2. Hypertrophy 3. Hyperplasia 4. Metaplasia 5. Dysplasia

Answer 174

Retard fixation

Answer 175

Glutaraldehyde

Answer 176

Nitric acid

Answer 177

70% ethyl alcohol

Answer 178

Fluid transfer

Answer 179

Fixation, dehydration, clearing and infiltration

Answer 180

Diamond or glass knives

Answer 181

Sections are too thick ## Footnote Surfaces and edges of the block are not parallel Horizontal surface of the block is not parallel to the knife Paraffin wax is too hard Knife is tilted too much Sections are too thick Knife is dull

Answer 182

More rapid oxidizing process ## Footnote pH will have effect on rate of oxidation. 1. Neutral aqueous solution of hematoxylin will form hematein in a few hours 2. Alkaline solutions - more rapid oxidizing process 3. Acid solutions - slower oxidizing process

Answer 183

Warthin-Starry

Answer 184

Faster for one or a few individual sections ## Footnote Frozen sections are stained by hand, because this is faster for one or a few individual sections.

Answer 185

Antibody, antigen, visual marker

Answer 186

Induced vomiting

Answer 187

Body fluids

Answer 188

Sudan Black

Answer 189

Rapidity of accurate reporting the diagnosis to clinicians

Answer 190

Ensure the completeness, accuracy and timeliness of a histopathology report

Answer 191

Promotion of health and safety of patient, laboratory personnel and environment ## Footnote Promotion of health and safety of patient, laboratory personnel and environment should be the primary objective in quality and safety control programs adopted by the histopathology laboratories.

Answer 192

10 to 20 times

Answer 193

37 to 40% formaldehyde ## Footnote Important: Commercial stock solution: 37 to 40% formaldehyde As fixing fluid: 10% formalin

Answer 194

Alcoholic picric acid

Answer 195

900 mL ## Footnote Important: 1:10 dilution 1 part 40% formaldehyde 9 parts water TV = 10

Answer 196

Chloroform

Answer 197

Increases the speed of fixation

Answer 198

Prolonged fixation

Answer 199

Methyl alcohol

Answer 200

Dehydrant and paraffin

Answer 201

For both dehydrating and clearing tissues

Answer 202

Dehydration

Answer 203

Water-soluble wax

Answer 204

Temperature of the infiltrating paraffin

Answer 205

400 ## Footnote Important: Total magnification (TM) = magnification of objective x magnification of ocular = 10 x 40 = 400

Answer 206

Nonionizing radiation

Answer 207

Differentiation in acid-alcohol

Answer 208

Link tissue constituents more closely to the dye

Answer 209

Form hematein

Answer 210

Feulgen reaction

Answer 211

Make nuclear staining more specific

Answer 212

Acid alcohol

Answer 213

PAS with and without diastase

Answer 214

Liposarcomas

Answer 215

Carbohydrates

Answer 216

von Kossa silver nitrate

Answer 217

Hemosiderin

Answer 218

Helicobacter

Answer 219

Nucleic acid

Answer 220

Metallic impregnation

Answer 221

Epithelium

Answer 222

Adipocytes

Answer 223

Urothelium

Answer 224

Intercalated discs

Answer 225

Reticular fibers

Answer 226

Fibroblasts

Answer 227

Axon ## Footnote Dendrites bring electrical signals to the cell body and axons take information away from the cell body.

Answer 228

Endogenous pigments

Answer 229

Phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin (PTAH)

Answer 230

Improving the index of refraction

Answer 231

Hemochromatosis

Answer 232

October 1 ## Footnote Non–hospital based clinical laboratories shall file applications for renewal of LTO beginning on the FIRST DAY OF OCTOBER UNTIL THE LAST DAY OF NOVEMBER of the current year.

Answer 233

Special hematology

Answer 234

In practice of laboratory medicine or MT for at least 5 years prior to his appointment ## Footnote In practice of laboratory medicine or MT for at least 10 years prior to his appointment.