L06 - JOINTS, STABILITY AND MOVEMENT

Question 1

Give 3 examples of fibrous joints

Answer 1

• Skull surtures
• Syndesmosis
• Gomphosis

Question 2

What is a Gomphosis joint?

Answer 2

A joint between a tooth and socket

Question 3

What is a Syndesmosis joint?

Answer 3

Bones united by a sheet of fibrous tissue, or a ligament or a membrane

Question 4

What is a primary cartilaginous joint?

Answer 4

Joint united by hyaline cartilage. It is usually a temporary joint during growth of a long bone

Question 5

What is a secondary cartilaginous joint? (3)

Answer 5

• It is an articular surface coated with a hyaline cartilage
• The bones are united by strong fibrocartilage
• They are strong joints that only allow slight movement

Question 6

What kind of movements do synovial joints produce?

Answer 6

Free movements that are very common. There are multiple types

Question 7

Describe 3 specialised features of synovial joints

Answer 7

• Articular disks (fibrocartilage pads)
• Fibrocartilage ring (labrum)
• Tendons

Question 8

What is the function of articular disks?

Answer 8

They act as shock absorbers e.g in temporomandibular joints

Question 9

What is the function of the fibrocartilage ring?

Answer 9

They help deepen the joint

Question 10

What is the function of tendons?

Answer 10

They pass through the joint capsule

Question 11

What are the 3 ligaments of the shoulder joint?

Answer 11

• Acromioclavicular ligament
• Coracoclavicular ligament
• Coracoacromial ligament

Question 12

What are the superficial muscles of the shoulder ligament?

Answer 12

• Pectoralis major
• Deltoid
• Trapezius
• Latissimus dorsi

Question 13

What is the nervous innervation of the subscapularis?

Answer 13

Upper and lower sub scapular nerves

Question 14

What is the nervous innervation of the supraspinatus muscle

Answer 14

Suprascapular nerve

Question 15

What is the nervous innervation of the infraspinatus muscle

Answer 15

Suprascapular nerve

Question 16

What is the nervous innervation of the trees minor muscle

Answer 16

Axillary nerve

Question 17

Why is the shoulder a common point of dislocation?

Answer 17

Articulation between humerus and glenoid cavity is poor

Question 18

Why does the humeral head rarely move upwards during dislocation of the shoulder joint?

Answer 18

The presence of the coracoid process. This means that dislocation of the humeral head usually occurs inferiorly

Question 19

What is damaged in a shoulder dislocation?

Answer 19

• Tears the joint capsule
• Can damage axillary nerve

Question 20

Why is the axillary nerve susceptible to damage?

Answer 20

It positioning means it winds around the upper aspect of the humerus

Question 21

What is the consequence of damage to the axillary nerve?

Answer 21

Damage results in a loss of sensation to the skin over the deltoid. This results in what looks like a ‘regimental badge’ sign

Question 22

What type of joint is the shoulder joint and what are its articulations?

Answer 22

A synovial hinge joint that articulates between the distal end of the humerus and the proximal ends of the radius and ulna

Question 23

What are the 3 ligaments for stability in the shoulder joint and what do they support?

Answer 23

• Medial ligament holds the ulna in place
• Lateral ligament holds the radius in place
• Annular ligament holds the radius in place

Question 24

What is a pulled elbow?

Answer 24

Subluxation of the head or the radius which would normally be held in place by the annular ligament

Question 25

What are the flexors of the elbow? (2)

Answer 25

• Biceps brachii
• Brachial

Question 26

What are the origins (2) and the insertions of the biceps brachii? (2)

Answer 26

Origins:
- Long head from supraglenoid tubercle
- Short head from coracoid process

Insertions:
- The Radial tuberosity
- Bicipital aponeurosis