L06 - JOINTS, STABILITY AND MOVEMENT Flashcards
Give 3 examples of fibrous joints
- Skull surtures
- Syndesmosis
- Gomphosis
What is a Gomphosis joint?
A joint between a tooth and socket
What is a Syndesmosis joint?
Bones united by a sheet of fibrous tissue, or a ligament or a membrane
What is a primary cartilaginous joint?
Joint united by hyaline cartilage. It is usually a temporary joint during growth of a long bone
What is a secondary cartilaginous joint? (3)
- It is an articular surface coated with a hyaline cartilage
- The bones are united by strong fibrocartilage
- They are strong joints that only allow slight movement
What kind of movements do synovial joints produce?
Free movements that are very common. There are multiple types
Describe 3 specialised features of synovial joints
- Articular disks (fibrocartilage pads)
- Fibrocartilage ring (labrum)
- Tendons
What is the function of articular disks?
They act as shock absorbers e.g in temporomandibular joints
What is the function of the fibrocartilage ring?
They help deepen the joint
What is the function of tendons?
They pass through the joint capsule
What are the 3 ligaments of the shoulder joint?
- Acromioclavicular ligament
- Coracoclavicular ligament
- Coracoacromial ligament
What are the superficial muscles of the shoulder ligament?
- Pectoralis major
- Deltoid
- Trapezius
- Latissimus dorsi
What is the nervous innervation of the subscapularis?
Upper and lower sub scapular nerves
What is the nervous innervation of the supraspinatus muscle
Suprascapular nerve
What is the nervous innervation of the infraspinatus muscle
Suprascapular nerve
What is the nervous innervation of the trees minor muscle
Axillary nerve
Why is the shoulder a common point of dislocation?
Articulation between humerus and glenoid cavity is poor
Why does the humeral head rarely move upwards during dislocation of the shoulder joint?
The presence of the coracoid process. This means that dislocation of the humeral head usually occurs inferiorly
What is damaged in a shoulder dislocation?
- Tears the joint capsule
- Can damage axillary nerve
Why is the axillary nerve susceptible to damage?
It positioning means it winds around the upper aspect of the humerus
What is the consequence of damage to the axillary nerve?
Damage results in a loss of sensation to the skin over the deltoid. This results in what looks like a ‘regimental badge’ sign
What type of joint is the shoulder joint and what are its articulations?
A synovial hinge joint that articulates between the distal end of the humerus and the proximal ends of the radius and ulna
What are the 3 ligaments for stability in the shoulder joint and what do they support?
- Medial ligament holds the ulna in place
- Lateral ligament holds the radius in place
- Annular ligament holds the radius in place
What is a pulled elbow?
Subluxation of the head or the radius which would normally be held in place by the annular ligament
What are the flexors of the elbow? (2)
- Biceps brachii
- Brachial
What are the origins (2) and the insertions of the biceps brachii? (2)
Origins:
- Long head from supraglenoid tubercle
- Short head from coracoid process
Insertions:
- The Radial tuberosity
- Bicipital aponeurosis
