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MJM > L05 - DISTRIBUTION AND NERVR SUPPLY TO UPPER LIMB > Flashcards

L05 - DISTRIBUTION AND NERVR SUPPLY TO UPPER LIMB Flashcards

1
Q

Where is arterial supply to the upper limb derived from?

A

The aorta

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2
Q

Fill in the gap:
There is important anatomical ………. between the supply to the upper limb on the …… side compared to that on the …… side.

A
  • asymmetry
  • right
  • left
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3
Q

What are the origins of the right upper limb supply?

A
  • First branch of the aortic arch - the brachiocephalic artery
  • The brachiocephalic artery then branches into the right subclavian artery and the right upper limb
  • Right subclavian artery supplies right upper limb
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4
Q

What are the origins of the left upper limb supply?

A

The third branch of the aortic arch which is the left subclavian artery which supplies arterial blood to the left upper limb

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5
Q

What is the clinical use of the arterial tree of the upper limb?

A

They can be used for multiple pulse points in the upper limb

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6
Q

What are the 3 systems of venous drainage of blood from the upper limb?

A
  • Superficial venous drainage
  • Deep venous drainage
  • Perforating veins
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7
Q

How is the venous drainage of the upper limb organised?

A
  • Superficial and deep veins are organised along parallel lines
  • Perforating veins join superficial veins to deep veins
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8
Q

What is the function of superficial veins?

A

They drain the skin and superficial structures and conduct venous blood against gravitational pull

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9
Q

What do the valves in superficial veins do?

A

They ensure the one way passage of blood

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10
Q

Name 2 superficial veins and the structure that joins them

A
  • Cephalic vein (lateral)
  • Basilic vein (medial)
  • Joined by the median cubital vein
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11
Q

How are superficial veins of the upper limb terminated?

A

Terminate by joining axillary vein

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12
Q

Name the 5 deep veins of the upper limb

A
  • Ulnar and radial veins
  • Brachial vein
  • Axillary vein
  • Subclavian vein
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13
Q

What are axial lines?

A

Boundaries between flexor and extensor compartments of the limbs. There are pre and post axial lines and borders. They are marked out by superficial veins

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14
Q

What are the clinical importance of venous drainage of the upper limb?

A

Provides sites for:
- Harvesting blood for analysis
- Administration of IV
- Blood transfusion
- Fluid replacement

  • Venae puncture
  • Lymphoedema
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15
Q

Where does the lymphatic drainage start

A

At the tips of the fingers

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16
Q

Where do upper limb lymphatics drain into?

A

Clavicular lymph vessels

17
Q

Where is the lymphatic drainage in the upper limb through?

A
  • Superficial lymph channels
  • Deep lymphatic channels
18
Q

What is lymphoedema and how is it caused?

A

Localised swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of lymphs. This can often be caused by disturbed axillary drainage.

19
Q

Where does the upper limb receive all of its nerve supply from?

A

The spinal cord - mainly cervical spinal segments C5-T1. The rest is from T2 roots

20
Q

What is the network of nerves formed by spinal nerves called?

A

The brachial plexus

21
Q

What are the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

Anterior Rami C5-T1

22
Q

What does the anterior rami divide into?

A
  • Upper trunk (C5, C6)
  • Middle trunk (C7)
  • Lower trunk (C8, T1)
  • Each trunk divides into an anterior and posterior division
23
Q

What are the cords that are produced by brachial plexus divisions?

A
  • Medial cord
  • Lateral cord
  • Posterior cord
24
Q

What do the anterior divisions of the brachial plexus supply?

A

The anterior musculo fascial compartment of the limb - the flexor compartment

25
Q

What do the posterior divisions of the brachial plexus supply?

A

Posterior musculo fascial compartment of the limb - the extensor compartment

26
Q

What is the major nerve of the extensor compartment?

A

The radial nerve

27
Q

What are the 3 main nerves of the flexor compartment?

A
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • Ulnar nerve
  • Median nerve
28
Q

What is ape thumb?

A

An upper limb nerve palsy where the movements of the thumb are severely limited. This is related to the median nerve

29
Q

What are 3 median nerve related upper limb nerve palsies?

A
  • Ape thumb
  • Hand of benediction
  • Pointing index
30
Q

What is the upper limb nerve palsies related to the ulnar nerve?

A

Ulnar claw hand

31
Q

What is the upper limb nerve palsy related to the radial nerve?

A

Wrist drop

32
Q

What are sensory nerve territories?

A

Sensory divisions of terminal nerves of the brachial plexus supply the skin in territorial domains. These are NOT dermatomes

MJM (8 decks)

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