L01 and AP01 definitions Flashcards
Antagonist
The muscle of muscle group that has the opposite action of a given agonist and this helps the agonist perform its action
Agonist
Also known as the prime mover. The main muscle or muscle group that is directly responsible for a specific movement
Synergist and fixators
Muscles/ muscle group that assists the agonists. Fixators also have a role in stabilising the joint.
Isotonic contraction
Length of the muscle changes but the tension remains the same
What is it called when a muscle lengthens?
Eccentric contraction
What is it called when a muscle shortens?
Concentric contraction
Isometric contraction
The muscle is tense but remains the same length
Unipennate muscles and example
- Fascicles are all on the same side of a tendon
- Example = extensor digitorum longus found in the lateral lower leg and the flexor policies longus in the thumb
Bipennate muscles and example
- Two sets of tendons that lie obliquely on both sides of a common tendon
- Example = flexor digitorum profundus
Multipennate muscles and example
- Fascicles insert on multiple tendons tapering towards a common tendon - multiple tendonous attachments running obliquely
- Example = subscapularis and deltoid
Convergent muscles and example
- Fascicles attach along a broad tendon at one end of the muscle and converge to a narrow tendon at the other
- Pectoralis major
Circular muscles and example
- Concentrically arranged bundles of muscle fibres
- Orbicularis
Fusiform muscles and example
- Parallel fibres that run the length of the muscle and narrow at each end, forming a spindle shape. Muscles have an insertion head and an origin point
- Biceps brachii
Two bellied and example
- Two muscular bellies united by an intermediate rounded tendon
- Digastric
Where are ligaments found?
Bone to bone
Where are tendons found?
Muscle to bone
Explain the relationship between stability and mobility
Decrease in stability results in an increase in mobility
Define flexibility
The ability of a muscle or muscle groups to lengthen passively through a range of motion
5 types of bone
- Long bone
- Flat bone
- Sesamoid bone
- Irregular bone
- Short bones
Long bone definition and examples
- Bone that is longer than it is wide.
- Humerus
- Ulna
- Tibia
- Clavicle
Short bone definition and examples
- Bones that have a roughly cuboid or round shape
- Tarsal bone
- Carpal bone
Flat bone definition and examples
- Thin bones that can be curved or flat.
- skull bones
- scapula
- sternum
- sacrum
Irregular bone definition and examples
- Don’t fit into any other categories
- Vertebrae, hip bone and some bones of the skull
