L03 - BONE AND CARTILAGE Flashcards
1
Q
What are the functions of the skeleton? (6)
A
- Gives body shape
- Supports the weight of the body
- Provides sites for muscle attachments
- Protects delicate tissues and organs
- Haemopoiesis
- Stores calcium and phosphorus
2
Q
What is the skeleton composed of?
A
Bone and Cartilage
3
Q
What does the skeleton first develop as?
A
Develops as cartilage first. The cartilage persists at some sites e.g costal cartilages of the ribs
4
Q
3 functions of cartilage
A
- Support soft tissues
- Provides smooth surface of joints
- Enables long bone growth
5
Q
Which cells are found in cartilage?
A
- Chondrocytes
- Chondroblasts
These are embedded in a matrix of proteoglycans and collagen
6
Q
Give 4 characteristics of cartilage
A
- Stiff
- Cells - chondrocytes and chondroblasts
- Avascular - no nerves
- Resists compression
7
Q
3 types of cartilage
A
- Hyaline
- Fibrocartilage
- Elastic
8
Q
What is the embryological origin of cartilage?
A
Embryonic mesenchyme
9
Q
What is the repair of cartilage like?
A
Poor repair - replaced by fibrous tissue
10
Q
What are the two types of growth of cartilage?
A
- Interstitial growth - chondrocytes grow and divide and lay down more matrix inside the existing cartilage
- Appositional growth - chondroblasts secrete new matrix along existing surfaces and this causes the cartilage to expand and widen
11
Q
What are the characteristics of bone? (4)
A
- Hard, resilient
- Cells - osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes embedded in a mineralised matrix
- Highly vascular
- Extremely strong
12
Q
What are the two types of bone?
A
- Compact
- Trabecular
13
Q
What are most bones preformed as?
A
Cartilage
14
Q
What type of growth does bone undergo?
A
- Appositional growth - increase in diameter
15
Q
What happens in bone after fractures?
A
Spontaneous repair
