L05-Gross anatomy of GIT, liv, pan

Question 1

Esophagus structures (length, position)

Answer 1

• stratified squamous epithelium
• outer longitudinal and inner circular muscular layers
• thick mucous membrane
• 30 cm long
• starting in the lower part of the neck, passing through the entire thorax (where its relations are important) and extending down to join the stomach in the abdomen
• normally collapsed, but widens to allow food to be pushed down by peristalsis

Question 2

Esophagus function

Answer 2

A conducting duct as a conduit for food and fluid.

(No digestion takes place within it. Food - in the form of bolus - has already been chewed and moistened with saliva in the mouth, but it is still solid)

Question 3

intra-abdominal part of esophagus

Answer 3

The abdominal part of the esophagus is short (only about 1-2 cm long) - -depends on the weight of the stomach

Question 4

Oesophageal- gastric junction

Answer 4

• The esophagus passes through a muscular part of the thoracic diaphragm.
• The esophageal opening (level of T10) into the stomach the cardiac orifice, is about 2 cm to the left of the xiphoid process.
• The junction is guarded by the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) formed by a muscle sling from right crus of diaphragm

Question 5

Right crus of diaphragm

Answer 5

The muscular part of diaphragm that forms a strong attachment to the right side of the bodies of the upper three lumbar vertebrae that forms the LES