L 3.1 Information Systems Development + Big Data & Business Intelligence

Question 1

different types of hardware

Answer 1

super computers
mainframe
servers
workstation
personal computer
mobile device

Question 2

super computer

Answer 2

the most expensive and most powerful kind of computer, used to assist in solving massive scientific problems

Question 3

mainframe

Answer 3

computers used primarily as the main, central computing system for major corporations
optimised fir high availability, resource, utilisation, security
1000+ users

Question 4

servers

Answer 4

any computer on a network that makes access to files, printing, communications and other services available to user of the network
10,000+ simultaneous users

Question 5

workstation

Answer 5

designed for medical, engineering or architectural animation and graphics, good for visualisation and rendering of 3D models, have fast processors
1 user

Question 6

how a computer works: parts

Answer 6

central processing unit (CPU) = computer’s brain
control unit: fetches and decodes instructions, retrieves and stores data
arithmetic logical unit: performs mathematics and logical operations
all processed with 1s and 0s: bits

Question 7

how a computer works

Answer 7

input → processing (↔︎storage) → output

Question 8

what happens when you scan a QR code

Answer 8

black and white pixels go for 1s and 0s
the processor has instructions on how the program should read it

Question 9

bit

Answer 9

binary digit, 1 or 0

Question 10

bytes

Answer 10

a sequence of 8 bits, 1s and 0s

Question 11

guided and un guided media

Answer 11

guided: through cables, unshielded twisted pari, coaxial, optical fiber
unguided: no cables, electromagnetic waves, wireless, infrared

Question 11

moore’s law

Answer 11

the number of transistors on a process doubles about every 2 years
exponential growth in processing power
processor contains transistors, creators of bits
currently between 2 and 7 nanometers can have billions of 1 processors

Question 11

developments in hardware

Answer 11

have become much faster due to more processing power
have become smaller, to an atomic level

Question 12

networks

Answer 12

when a system connects 2 or more devices

Question 13

bandwidth

Answer 13

transmission capacity of a computer in bits per second (bps)

Question 13

different ways of networking

Answer 13

human communication and computer networking
sharing information and messages between senders and receivers
difference: human communication is linked to words, computer communication consists of bits

Question 14

3 types of networks

Answer 14

PAN: personal area network
LAN: local area network
WAN: wide area network

Question 15

Wide area network (WAN)

Answer 15

enable the connection of mobile devices to instal a network through WLAN using radio-wave tech
a campus/metropolitan area network to worldwide

Question 15

Personal area network (PAN)

Answer 15

wireless communication between devices like bluetooth, under 10m distance

Question 16

Local area network (LAN)

Answer 16

sharing data, software application and other resources between several users, can connect in something small like a building

Question 17

protocols

Answer 17

agreements for data exchange
ex. bluetooth, 3G,4G,5G, ethernet, wifi
APIs: a protocol that enables application to communicate with each other (Uber using maps)
include the interconnection model (OSI) model

Question 18

interconnection model (OSI) model

Answer 18

represents a group of specific tasks as successive layers that enables computers to communicate data, builds on the functions of layers below (7 layers)

Question 19

7 layers of OSI

Answer 19

physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, application

Question 20

developments in networking

Answer 20

increase in capacity, transfer speed
increase in interconnectedness
increase in mobility, wireless
increase in diversity and complexity, combining multiple networks and devices

Question 21

cloud computing

Answer 21

a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on demand network access to a shared pool of configurable network resources (network, servers, applications)

Question 22

advantages of cloud computing

Answer 22

rapid elasticity, on-demand service
broad network access
resource pooling
measured service

Question 23

Software as a service (SaaS)

Answer 23

cloud computing model
apps provided via cloud
ex. dropbox, gmail

Question 24

Platform as a service (PaaS)

Answer 24

cloud computing model
designing and running your own apps like google app engine (for developers to build apps and services)

Question 25

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Answer 25

cloud computing model that processes storage and networking like a DVD

Question 26

internet of things (IoTs)

Answer 26

a network of a broad range of physical objects that can automatically share data over the internet

Question 27

software

Answer 27

a set of instructions that allow hardware to perform tasks
for office applications, mobile apps, enterprise systems
ex. operating software, application software

Question 28

smarter software

Answer 28

new intelligent software includes machine learning, AI, gen-AI
ex. Spotify recommends music you’ll like

Question 29

buying software

Answer 29

implementing purchased packaged IS off the shelf
cheaper, easier to obtain, high quality, low risk
ex. microsoft apps

Question 30

making software

Answer 30

developing custom software
customisable to unique organisational needs
ex. netflix, ChatGPT have made their own code

Question 31

renting software

Answer 31

implementing SaaS model (cloud) and has a packaged system delivered and supported by vendors
ex. dropbox

Question 32

custom software made by

Answer 32

crowd sourcing: you buy someones code, lower costs, wider pool of talents, no barriers to entry (ex. Kaggle)
citizen development: people can try to find solutions for problems themselves, developed by non IT trained people, used for prototypes (ex. Mendix)

Question 33

algorithmic thinking

Answer 33

a derivative of a computer science and the process to develop code and program applications
automates the problem solving process by creating a series of systematic logical steps that intake a defined set of inputs and produce a defined set of outputs

Question 34

algorithmic thinking steps

Answer 34

define a problem
make it simpler
find the parts that repeat
get the solution