Kura cloud oesophagus Flashcards
what is the upper oeaophageal spincter is composed of two muscles:
Constrictor pharyngeal medius - which has commonality with the circular muscle layer of the GI tract
Constrictor pharynges inferior - which has commonality with the longitudinal muscle layer
what type of pressure is the oesophagus and stomach in most of the time>
The oesophagus is under negative pressure most of the time, whereas the stomach is under positive pressure.
Describe the 5 stages of the swallowing phases?
Stage 0: The oral phase. Chewing and saliva help to prepare the bolus for swallowing. Both oesophageal sphincters are constricted.
Stage 1: The Pharyngeal phase. As the food bolus moves to the back of the pharynx the pharyngeal musculature helps to guide it towards the oesophagus. Both oesophageal sphincters open.
Stage 2: Upper oesophageal phase. The upper sphincter closes, and superior rings of circular muscle contract as inferior rings dilate. Sequential contractions of longitudinal muscle help guide the food down the gullet.
Stage 3: Lower oesophageal phase. As food passes through the lower sphincter that too closes, and the peristaltic wave continues to push food into the stomach.
can you swallow upside down
The peristaltic waves are independent of gravity
Describe the differences between esophageal pressure and stomach pressure?
The oesophagus operates at a lower pressure than the stomach, and this gradient is maintained by the tonically active lower esophageal sphincter. This sphincter is composed of local smooth muscle and the skeletal muscle of the diaphragm.
Pain can be characterised using an acronym, what is this and what does it stand for>
SOCRATES
Site of pain
Onset of pain
Character, what is the pain like
Radiation- Does the pain radiate anywhere
Associations- any other signs or symptoms associated with the pain
Time course
Exacerbating/Relieving factors- does anything change the pain
Severity- how bad is the pain
