Kumon G - 文法 Flashcards by BJ Cross

Q

聞く

Transitive

A

聞こえる
きこえる
Listen

Intransitive

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Q

見る

Transitive

A

見える
See

Intransitive

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Q

開ける

Transitive

A

開く
あく
Open

Intransitive

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Q

集める

Transitive

A

集まる
あつまる
to gather/collect

Intransitive

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Q

起こす

Transitive

A

起こる
to occur

Intransitive

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Q

増やす
ふやす

Transitive

A

増える
ふえる
to increase

Intransitive

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Q

割る
わる

Transitive

A

割れる
われる
to break

Intransitive

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Q

落とす

Transitive

A

落ちる
to drop/fall down

Intransitive

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Q

残す
のこす

Transitive

A

残る
to remain

Intransitive

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Q

変える
かえる

Transitive

A

変わる
to change

Intransitive

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Q

Transitive verbs

A

Have an object and a subject and use を

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Q

止める

Transitive

A

止まる
stop

Intransitive

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Q

Intransitive

A

Has no object. Subject takes が

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Q

To start an activity

A

Verb stem + 始める

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Q

To continue an activity

A

Verb stem + 続ける

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Q

To finish an activity

A

verb stem + 終わる

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Q

Action is easy

A

Verb stem plus やすい

Q

Action is difficult to do

A

Verb stem plus にくい

Q

To try an activity

A

て-form plus みる

Q

・Action has an unsatisfactory result

・action is completed

A

て-form + しまう

Q

To do something in preparation

A

て-form + おく

Q

Giving verbs

A

Giving away from you
あげる takes aはbに

Giving towards you
くれる takes aがbに

Receiving
もらう takes aはbから

Q

Doing an action for someone

A

Verb て-form followed byあげる,くれる or もらう

Q

Honourifics

いる

A

いらっしゃる

Q

Honourifics

行く

A

いらっしゃる

Q

Honourifics

来る

A

いらっしゃる

Q

Honourifics

あげる

A

さしあがる

Q

Honourifics

くれる

A

くださる

Q

Honourifics

もらう

A

いただく

Q

Humble speech

Verbs

A

Use verb stem

お-verb stem-する

Q

Humble expression

Requests

A

Verb stem plus ください

Q

Expression of intention

A

う verbs change う to おう

る verbs change る to よう

来る changes to 来よう
する changes to しよう

Q

Want

Others/me/I want others to
Verbs/nouns

A

Others

Verb stem plus たがる

Noun plus を欲しがる

Me

が欲しい

I want others to

て-form plus ほしい

Q

Verb+と

A

First event triggers the second (akin to when)

Q

ないform+と

A

Assumptions and conditions

If negative clause

Q

ている+と

A

Continuing action one will cause action two

Q

Looks like/is like (like) nouns

Straight/modifies verb and adjective/modifies noun

A

Straight
Noun+のようだ

Describing a verb/adjective
Noun+のように

Describing a noun
Noun+のような

Q

Looks like adjective/verb

Straight/Modifier

A

Verb/adjective stem +そうだ

Modifier
Verb/adjective stem +そうな

Q

Might/may

Positive and negative

A

Dictionary form +かもしれない

ないform+かもしれらい

Q

Must

Formal and informal

A

ないform +てはならない

ないform +ちゃならない

Q

Decided to do verb

A

Dictionary form +ことにする

Q

Action that occurs simultaneously or continue

A

たform plus り