Kuliah4: Rujukan & Bibliografi dalam Penulisan Ilmiah Flashcards
Antara dua ciri penulisan akademik
adalah/
1) Mencatat sumber rujukan
2) Bibliografi atau Rujukan
Apa yg anda fhm mencatat sumber rujukan?
-Mencatat sumber rujukan merupakan
aspek penting dalam penulisan.
-penulis dapat memperkukuhkan hujahhujah yang diketengahkan.
-sumber rujukan perlu ditulis berasaskan garis panduan yang telah ditetapkan
Tujuan Mencatat sumber rujukan
-mempertahankan hujah/to defense facts
- memperkukuhkan kesahihan fakta/to support the validity of the facts
- mengelakkan plagiarisme/ to avoid
plagiarism
What do u understand about plagiarism?
- the practice of taking someone else’s work
or ideas and passing them off as one’s own.
⚫synonyms: copying, piracy, theft,
stealing
How to avoid plagiarism
-use online tools to check for plagiarism
-provide links you have referred to
-write in your own words
Sumber yang mesti dicatat dalam sumber
rujukan
- Petikan langsung
- sesuatu pernyataan yang sudah diringkaskan
- Segala pernyataan yang belum pasti disahkan
kebenaran atau kesahihannya. - Sebarang idea atau maklumat yang bukan
berasal daripada penulis/penyelidik
Terdapat banyak sistem atau gaya dalam
penulisan sumber rujukan.
Tiga sistem yg kerap digunakan
- American Psychological Association
(APA)
-Modern Language Association Style
(MLA)
-Chicago-Style Citation/Chicago
manual
APA style
-frequently used within the social sciences, in order to cite various sources.
-APA is the style of documentation of sources used by
the American Psychological Association.
-This form of writing research papers is used mainly
in the social sciences, like psychology, anthropology, sociology, as well as education and other fields
Using APA, two things to remember:
a) in-text citations
b) the reference page
How to use Modern Language Association Style
(MLA) in writing
-widely adopted for classroom instruction and used worldwide by scholars, journal publishers, and academic and commercial presses.
-Heavy emphasis on the author of the work, reflecting
the importance of the single author in these
disciplines.
What is MLA?
-refers to Modern Language Association
-it is a professional and academic way in writing academic papers.
-it protects writers from accusation of plagiarism.
The Chicago Manual of Style presents two basic
documentation systems:
1) notes and bibliography
(2) author-date.
The notes and bibliography style is preferred by many in the humanities, including those in literature, history, and the arts.
Chicago Manual of Style
-what?
-The CMS writing style was first used in 1890 by students at the University of Chicago
Chicago Manual of Style
-when used?
Humanities field: art, history and literature
Chicago Manual of Style
-how different?
Simple and concise, focuses on citing the author, rather than date of source.
Gaya Penulisan Sumber Rujukan dalam
ayat
- Seorang penulis sahaja/Single author
a) Ayat/sentence …… (Awang, 2006: 80) [Chicago]
b) Ayat/sentence …… (Awang, 2006) [APA & MLA]
2.Dua orang penulis/ Two authors
a) Ayat/sentence…… (Awang & Dayang, 2008: 18[Chicago]
b) Ayat/sentence…… (Awang & Dayang, 2008) [APA & MLA]
- Tiga orang penulis/ Three authors
a) Ayat/sentence……. (Awang et. al, 2013: 8)[Chicago]
b) Ayat/sentence……. (Awang et. al, 2013) [APA & MLA]
Gaya Penulisan Sumber Rujukan
dalam ayat
Jika petikan diambil dari sumber
kedua
a) Ayat…/Sentence… (dipetik dalam
Dayang, 2008: 1)/ (quoted by Dayang, 2008: 1) [Chicago]
b) Ayat…/Sentence… (dipetik dalam
Dayang, 2008)/ (quoted by Dayang, 2008)
[APA & MLA]
Gaya Penulisan Sumber Rujukan
dalam ayat
Untuk mencatat dua atau lebih sumber
rujukan, asingkan petikan sumber menggunakan
semicolon
a) Ayat…/Sentence… (Suhaimi, 1999: 18; Razali,
2006: 32; Thomson, 2013: 122) [Chicago]
b) Ayat…/Sentence… (Suhaimi, 1999; Razali,
2006; Thomson, 2013) [APA & MLA]
Untuk sorotan literatur
Author (year)/Penulis (tahun)
⚫Examples:
⚫Mary (2013)
⚫Mary (2013) and Mustafa (2015)
Untuk sorotan literatur
Untuk penulisan tugasan dan makalah sejarah
Footnotes system/Sistem nota kaki
⚫‘ibid’, ‘op.cit’, ‘loc.cit’ (not book, like journals etc) dll
⚫(To be discussed in tutorial/Dibincang dalam
tutorial)
What is bibliography/bibliografi?
-Senarai sumber yang dirujuk dalam sesuatu
tulisan
- Terletak di bahagian akhir tulisan.
What is references/rujukan?
References - use of a source of information in
order to ascertain something.
• Cited in the text/Dinyatakan dalam tulisan.
Reference vs bibliography
Reference are the items you have read and specifically referred to(or cited) in your work, and your list of sources at the end of the assignment will be headed reference.
Bibliography is a list of everything you read-whether or not you referred specifically to it.
-a Bibliography can give a tutor an overview of which authors have influenced your ideas and arguments even if you do not specifically refer to them.
Whats the difference between bibliography and reference lists?
A reference list
-contains all the items you have referred to directly and cited within your text.
Bibliography
-contains all the sources you have read but not cited within your text(usually this is background reading)
Reference list vs bibliography
Reference list
-is a list of all the Reference cited in the text of your Technical report and listed in alphabetical order at the end of the report
Bibliography
-is a list of all the Reference material you find and consult During your research for the Technical report
Each Reference needs to contain all of the bibliography information from a source:
-author name
-Title of publication
-article title(if using a journal)
-date of publication
-place of publication
-publisher
-Volume number
-page number(s)
Menyediakan
Bibliografi/Bibliography
Bibliografi senarai penuh berkenaan buku-buku rujukan, sumber bacaan lain, artikel dan sebagainya yang digunakan dalam sesuatu penulisan./Bibliography is a list of references/sources etc.
• Examples:
Chicago: Ogilvie, Timothy H. 1998. Large Animal Internal
Medicine. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins.
• APA: French, L. A. (1986). Cognitive consequences of
education: transfer of training in the elderly (Ph.D. thesis -University of Illinois, 1980). [Microform]. Ann Arbor, MI:
University Microfilms International.
• MLA: Baxter, C. (1997). Race equality in health care and education. Philadelphia: Ballière Tindall.
