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IHO Week 4 > Krafts- Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma > Flashcards

Krafts- Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major differences between non-hodgkin and hodgkin lymphoma?

A

NON: more common, risk increases w/ age, skips around body, many subtypes, mostly B cell

HODG: less common, young adults and elderly, predictable and contiguous spread, 4 subtypes, Reed-sternberg cells

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of benign lymphadenopathy?

A

BENIGN rxn to infection

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3
Q

What is the most common malignant cause of lymphadenopathy?

A

Metastatic carcinoma

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of benign lymph nodes under the microscope?

A

Secondary follicles
germinal centers
mantle zones
tingible body macrophages present

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5
Q

How would you differentiate from follicular hyperplasia and follicular lymphoma?

A

Follicular hyperplasia:
Large irregular follicles w/ space between them
Mixture of cells in germinal centers
tingible macrophages

Follicular lymphoma:
uniform sizes of germinal centers
packed in
show fat inside lymph node

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6
Q

Germinal centers are the result of…..

A

B cell response to an immune stimulus

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7
Q

How does benign interfollicular hyperplasia differ from benign follicular hyperplasia?

A

Expanded area between follicles
mixture of cells
partial effacement

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8
Q

Benign interfollicular hyperplasia is the result of….

A

T cell response to an immune stimulus

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9
Q

What are the 4 types of low grade NHL?

A

Small lymphocytic lymphoma
Malt lymphoma
Follicular lymphoma
Mycosis fungoides

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10
Q

What are the three types of high grade lymphoma?

A

Large cell lymphoma
Lymphoblastic lymphoma
Burkitt lymphoma

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11
Q

What is the lymphoma that we don’t know where to place but is probably high?

A

Mantle cell lylmphoma

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12
Q

What is non-hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Malignant proliferation of lymphoid cells (blasts OR mature cells) in LNs

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13
Q

A pt presents w/ painless, firm lymphadenopathy w/ extranodal manifestations. They also have experienced significant weight loss, night sweats and feer.

This is characteristic of….
What is the name of his last sxs?

A

NHL!

B sxs

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14
Q

What is the best predictor of prognosis for NHL?

A

LN and level of metastesis

STAGE

which depends on LOCATION

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15
Q

What are the differences between low and high grade NHL tumors?

A

Low: older, indolent, small mature cells, non-destructive

High: children, aggressive, big ugly cells, destructive

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16
Q

SLL is the same things as _______. It is characterized by_____________.

A

CLL!

small mature lymphocytes….like it says in the name.

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17
Q

SLL targets what cells and what CD marker?

A

B cell lesion

CD5+ (This is WIERD b/c it’s usually a T cell marker)

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18
Q

You see a pt diagnosed w/ SLL. The course of this disease is likely to be long_______and death will likely be from______.

A

LONG

INFECTION

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19
Q

What type of information can CLL undergo? Prognosis?

A

Richter transformation–> poor prognosis

20
Q

What cancer can be cured if you catch it early and tx it with antibiotics? What is it caused by? This falls under what type of lymphoma?

This cancer is also named after one of my dad’s favorite treats.

A

MALT LYMPHOMA

helicobacter pylori

Marginal zone lymphoma (these lymphomas have “marginal zone patterns”)

21
Q

t(11,14) does what and causes what type of lymphoma?

A

This translocation codes for cylcin D1 and IgH. When you put this gene next to the heavy chain it is expressed A LOT in lymphocytes.

What does cyclin D to?
Helps cells to grow and pass through check points

Mantle cell lymphoma!

22
Q

Mantle cell lymphoma is characterized by what two features……Is it aggressive?

A

Mantle zone pattern
small angulated lymphocytes

YES it is aggressive

23
Q

t(14;18) is associated w/ what type of lymphoma?

A

Follicular lymphoma!

Same deal as mantle. Codes for IgH and bcl-2—so this anti-apoptotic factor is overly expressed.

24
Q

If you saw a “butt cell” you would know it’s what type of cancer……

A

Follicular lymphoma

25
Q

What do the follicles of follicular lymphoma look like? What stain will mark B cells in a LN?

A

Back to back follicles that have infiltrated a capsule so there are some fat cells. Can be mixed or large cell.

CD20 stain

26
Q

What stages are associated w/ follicular lymphoma and what are the correlated grades?

A

I-small cells, better prognosis
II- small and large cells
III- larger cells, worse prognosis

27
Q

What lymphoma mimics psoriasis/eczema early on then progressively forms mushroom like lesions?

A

Mycosis fungoides!

Does this have blood involvement?

YES

28
Q

If you saw cerebriform lymphocytes on a slide, you would think_________immediately.

A

MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES

29
Q

Mycosis fungoides has what sort of immunophenotype?

A

T cell

30
Q

What are the characteristics of diffuse large cell lymphoma?

A

LARGE B cells> BAD prognosis

Grows rapidly> extranodal involvement

31
Q

Lymphoblastic leukemia is the same as________. What are the two types and which one is worse?

A

ALL

B and T

T in Teenage males w/ Thymic masses is WORSE.

32
Q

WHat do you see in Lymphoblastic lymphoma?

A

Lymphoblasts in diffuse patterns.

33
Q

If you saw a child w/ a fast growing extranodal mass (either in the mandible or abdominal area) you’d thing it was…..

A

Burkitt lymphoma!

34
Q

What translocation is assoicated w/ Burkitt?

A

t(8;14)—–c-myc gets put next to IgH then overexpressed and cell grows like CRAZY.

35
Q

What pattern is associated w/ Burkitt’s?

YOU SHOULD REALLY KNOW THIS.

A

Starry-sky pattern

Dark blue sky in tumor cells in the bone marrow. The “stars” are tingible macrophages chewing up debri from rapidly turning over cells.

**occasionally involves the blood

36
Q

Japan/Carribean basin, HTLV, hypercalemia……makes you think of:

A

Adult T cel leukemia/lymphoma of course!

VERY AGGRESSIVE
**cells look flowery

37
Q

What are the 5 types of hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Nodular lymphocyte

Classical:
Nodular sclerosis
lymphocyte rich
mixed cellularity
lymphocyte depletion
38
Q

Why does hodgkin lymphoma often have a good prognosis?

A

It has a predictable and contiguous spread so it’s possible to remove a LN and stop the metastasis. It’s also typically found in younger pts.

39
Q

If you see an angry owl cell (Reed sternberg) you AUTOMATICALLY know that it’s…..

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

40
Q

How do you treat HL? What is the prognosis? What is the danger?

A

Surgery, chemo, radiation

Prognosis depends on stage

Second malignancies

41
Q

What is the “new kind” of HL and who is it commonly seen in?

A

Nodular lymphocyte

Asymptomatic young males w/ cervical lymphadenopathy.

42
Q

Popcorn cells are associated w/ what more common HL?

A

Nodular lymphocyte HL

43
Q

What is the most common subtype of HL and it’s distinguishing characteristic?

A

Nodular sclerosis HL

Lacunar cells

44
Q

Mixed cellularity HL is bad because…..On a slide you’d see…..

A

it usually is disseminated at presentation.

Classic RS cells and a mixture of background cells.

45
Q

What is an uncommon HL that also has popcorn cells and is usually localized at presentation?

A

lymphocyte rich HL

46
Q

What HL has a collagen or reticulin background, classic RS cells, is RARE, and is often disseminated at presentation?

A

Lymphocyte depletion HL

IHO Week 4 (15 decks)

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