KQ7 - INDUSTRIAL CARDIFF Flashcards
CARDIFF POPULATION GROWTH STAT ?
1800 - 1,871
1901 - 164,000
REASONS FOR GROWTH IN CARDIFF ?
TAFF RAILWAY
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DOCKS
MIGRATION FOR WORK
TRADE & INDUSTRY
GROWTH - TAFF RAILWAY
Glamorgan canal transported coal, but slowly
In 1841,the TAFF RAILWAY opened connecting the Merthyr Mines to the Docks
This kick started Cardiff’s commercial growth
GROWTH - DEVELOPMENT OF THE DOCKS
The Marquis of Bute built the Bute West Dock in 1839
East Dock (1855)
Roath Dock (1887)
By 1901 Cardiff was the biggest exporter of Coal in the world
GROWTH - MIGRATION
The development of the docks created jobs causing migration
People from Italy, Somalia and India migrated
GROWTH - TRADE & INDUSTRY
Cardiff was the administrative centre of the coal industry
Ship making, steel and brewing industries also thrived in Cardiff.
TAFF RAILWAY YEAR ?
1841
BUTE WEST DOCK YEAR ?
1839
WHAT DID CARDIFF’S RAPID GROWTH CAUSE ?
Public Health problems
WHAT KIND OF PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS DID CARDIFF EXPERIENCE ?
LACK OF PLANNING & REGULATION
POOR SANITATION
OVERCROWDING
POOR HEALTH
POOR WATER QUALITY
HOW DID LACK OF REGULATION & PLANNING AFFECT CARDIFF’S LIVING CONDITIONS ?
Housing was poor quality
Lacked proper ventilation
Narrow streets were littered with rubbish
HOW DID POOR SANITATION AFFECT CARDIFF’S LIVING CONDITIONS ?
Stanley Street and Love Lane were particularly bad
Raw sewage was often flowing in the street and getting in the water
HOW DID OVERCROWDING & POOR HEALTH AFFECT CARDIFF’S LIVING CONDITIONS ?
Chronic overcrowding added to the health crisis.
Houses had to take extra lodgers to support rent.
Poor diet meant people had weak immune systems
People got ill easily and it spread quickly due to overcrowding
Cardiff’s mortality rate in the 1840s was 30/1000 vs average 20/1000
HOW DID POOR WATER AFFECT CARDIFF’S LIVING CONDITIONS ?
Polluted water supplies lead to serious outbreaks of cholera.
The worst cases in 1849 and 1854
WHAT YEAR WAS CARDIFF’S WORST CHOLERA OUTBREAK ?
1849
THE 1849 CHOLERA OUTBREAK ?
396 people died between May-November
ATTEMPTS TO MANAGE THE OUTBREAK -
- MAY - The city was divided into 3 districts
- JUNE 8th - A committee was set up to manage the outbreak
- Officers were appointed to visit homes and check for illness. They white washed walls
-The outbreak was blamed on the Irish community and behaviour of the poorer classes
WHO CREATED CARDIFF’S PUBLIC HEALTH REPORT ?
THOMAS RAMMEL
WHAT DID THE RAMMEL REPORT SHOW ?
In 1850, Thomas Rammel, Superintendent of the board of health, launched an inquiry into the state of public health in Cardiff.
He identified open sewers, unclean water and overcrowding as issues.
He recommended a new drainage system, a waste collection service and better quality housing.
The Rammel report highlighted the need for change in Cardiff
RAMMEL REPORT YEAR ?
1850
WHY WAS THE RAMMEL REPORT SIGNIFICANT ?
It highlighted the need for change in Cardiff
WHO WAS MEDICAL OFFICER FOR CARDIFF ?
DR HENRY JAMES PAINE
WHAT YEAR WAS DR HENRY J PAINE APPOINTED MEDICAL OFFICER FOR CARDIFF ?
1853
THE WORK OF DR HENRY JAMES PAINE ?
He carried out the recommendations made in the Rammel Report
In 1856 a new sewage system was completed
The HMS Hamadryad hospital ship was opened to treat inbound sailors
He encouraged innoculation against smallpox
He passed laws to stop waste being dumped in the Taff
SIGNIFICANCE OF DR HENRY J PAINE ?
Carried out the recommendations made in the Rammel Report
Greatly improved public health
Stopped sailors from bringing in disease
OTHER PUBLIC HEALTH IMPROVEMENTS ?
Public Health Act 1948
Cardiff Waterworks Act 1850
The Town Infirmary
Public Baths
PUBLIC HEALTH ACT 1948 ?
Allowed towns to set up boards responsible for creating new sewers - Lowered the death toll from cholera
CARDIFF WATERWORKS ACT 1850 ?
Laying mains water pipes across Cardiff
Llanisien reservoir created - Clean water
THE TOWN INFIRMARY ?
In 1837, the Glamorgan infirmary opened treating the poor for free
Helped treat a larger percent of people
PUBLIC BATHS ?
In 1862, Cardiff Baths Company opened a baths and swimming pool
