KQ5 - ADVANCES IN PATIENT CARE Flashcards
WHAT WAS THE ROLE OF THE CHURCH IN PATIENT CARE ?
Medieval monasteries were important in caring for the sick.
Taught that they had a Christian duty to care for the sick
They funded medical universities
There were 1,200 hospitals run by the Church including the WELSH Tintern Abbey
Prioritised care for the soul over physical health
Monasteries were mostly used to house Lepers, pilgrims and alms houses (hospices)
- WELSH Ysbyty Ifan cared for pilgrims
EARLY MODERN PATIENT CARE CONTEXT ?
Henry VIII’s split from the church led to the dissolution of the monasteries
Church land was plundered and confiscated
This caused a decline in patient care
WHAT YEAR DID HENRY VIII SPLIT FROM THE CHURCH ?
1533
EARLY MODERN PATIENT CARE ?
Instead ENDOWED hospitals opened in London with royal funds
Christ’s hospital and Bridewell Palace opened
Other surviving hospitals passed to civic authorities, funded by donations, parish collections and tax
Outside London hospitals did not receive endowment
In 1665 there were only 4 small hospitals (36 beds) for the whole of North Wales
EARLY MODERN - WELSH EXAMPLE
In 1665 there were only 4 small hospitals (36 beds) for the whole of North Wales
HOW DID PATIENT CARE CHANGE IN THE INDUSTRIAL ERA ?
Philanthropists like Thomas Guy donated large sums to open voluntary hospitals
Industrialisation meant that more hospitals were needed to cope with the population boom
Scientific enquiry meant a growth in medical interest.
HOW MANY NEW HOSPITALS OPENED IN THE INDUSTRIAL ERA ?
56 New hospitals opened
HOW DID SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY ADVANCE PATIENT CARE ?
Scientific inquiry resulted in an increase in medical interest
Medical societies in places like Edinburgh University in 1837 meant more well educated doctors to advance patient care
HOW DID HOSPITALS CHANGE IN THE INDUSTRIAL ERA ?
They started to perform more complex care, i.e. surgeries
Dispensaries were set up
Physicians performed surgery while nurses provided care
INDUSTRIAL - WELSH EXAMPLE ?
Welsh Voluntary Hospitals
1817 - Swansea Infirmaries
1895 - Cardiff Infirmaries
HMS Hamadryad opened in 1866 by Dr Henry James Paine to treat inbound sailors
NURSING AND HOSPITALS BEFORE FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE ?
Before Florence Nightingale nursing was not a respected profession
They tended to come from poorer background and had a reputation for being drunk and careless
Hospitals tended to be cramped and rarely cleaned, so infection spread quickly
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE IN THE CRIMEAN WAR ?
In 1854, Florence went with a group of nurses to assist in the military hospitals in the Crimean war
She was appalled by the state of the hospitals
She introduced new measures focusing on cleanliness and hygiene
Under her instruction patients and wards were cleaned regularly and sheets were changed
Separated patients by illness- separate wards
Put space between beds and opened windows providing ventilation (PRE GERM THEORY)
Mortality rates dropped from 40-2% in 6 months
WHAT YEAR WAS FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE IN CRIMEA ?
1854
FLORENCE WORK AFTER CRIMEA ?
In 1859 she published ‘Notes on nursing’ which set the standard for hospital hygiene
Her work emphasised the importance of cleanliness, good food for patients and ventilation
1860 - She opened the Nightingale school of nursing
1850 - No trained nurses but by 1901 - 68,000 nurses
INDUSTRIAL ERA - WELSH EXAMPLE NURSING ?
Betsi Cadwaladr - An nurse in Crimea
Known for working long hours and her insistence on wounds being kept clean
Frequently clashed with Florence due to her strict regime
