KQ6 - DEVELOPMENTS IN PUBLIC HEALTH

Question 1

MEDIEVAL PUBLIC HEALTH ?

Answer 1

Mortality rates were high
Close living quarters alongside animals and filth meant that disease spread quickly
Little to no refuse collection

Question 2

EXCEPTIONS TO MEDIEVAL PUBLIC HEALTH ? WELSH EXAMPLE

Answer 2

Tintern Abbey in Wales had very strict regulations to keep things clean

Question 3

ATTEMPTS TO CLEAN UP PUBLIC HEALTH ?

Answer 3

ATTEMPTS TO CLEAN UP COVENTRY -
Coventry council banned dumping waste in the river nine times (1421-1475)
1421 - Every man had to keep the area in front of his house clean or be fined
1420 - Waste collecting service, waste sold to farms

Question 4

EARLY MODERN - PUBLIC HEALTH CHANGES ?

Answer 4

Attempts were made to improve public health
Henry VII forbade slaughterhouse within city limits
Acts passed to give towns the power to create sewers
Many outbreak of plague, largest in 1665

The great fire of London improved public health as it resulted in the streets made wider and stone housing ( no damp causing wattle and daub)

Question 5

INDUSTRIAL - WELSH EXAMPLE

Answer 5

Sir Henry de la Beche - 1845, investigates the state of public health in Merthyr Tydfil
Identified unhygienic conditions like overcrowding and poor water.
Little was done but encouraged further investigation like the Rammel report in 1850

Question 6

WHO WAS APPOINTED POOR LAW COMMISSIONER AND IN WHICH YEAR ?

Answer 6

EDWIN CHADWICK - 1832

Question 7

DID EDWIN CHADWICK BELIEVE IN MIASMA ?

Answer 7

YES - But thought there was a link between poor health and poor living conditions

Question 8

THE WORK OF EDWIN CHADWICK ?

Answer 8

In 1839, he commissioned to report of the living condition of the working people.
In 1842, he published his ‘Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population’
He recommended local collect refuse and improve water supplies
Government was split on the recommendations but ultimately did not act .

Question 9

PUBLIC HEALTH ACTS ?

Answer 9

Public Health Act 1948
Sanitary Act 1866
Artisans’ Swelling Act 1875
Food & Drugs Act 1875
Joseph Bazalgette

Question 10

WHAT YEAR WAS THE PUBLIC HEALTH ACT AND WHAT DID IT DO ?

Answer 10

PUBLIC HEALTH ACT 1948

Gave local councils the power to set up health boards
Can create new drainage systems and appoint a medical officer
A recommendation councils didn’t have to do this
(Cardiff does this in 1951 when they appoint Dr Henry J Paine)

Question 11

WHAT YEAR WAS THE SANITARY ACT AND WHAT DID IT DO ?

Answer 11

SANITARY ACT 1866

Forced local authorities to build sewers

Question 12

WHAT YEAR WAS THE ARTISANS’ SWELLING ACT AND WHAT DID IT DO ?

Answer 12

ARTISANS’ SWELLING ACT 1875

Gave councils the power to clear slum housing districts

Question 13

WHAT YEAR WAS FOOD & DRUGS AND WHAT DID IT DO ?

Answer 13

FOOD & DRUGS ACT 1975

Food and drugs must be checked before they are sold

Question 14

WHO WAS JOSEPH BAZALGETTE ?

Answer 14

Oversaw the creation of London’s sewage system in 1859

Question 15

INDUSTRIAL ERA - WELSH EXAMPLE ?

Answer 15

WELSH RESERVOIRS

Population growth in Liverpool and Birmingham meant there was an increase in demand for clean water supply
Lake Vyrnwy supplies Liverpool
Elan Valley was flooded to supply water to Birmingham, forced farmers to leave their homes and land

Public health in both cities increased dramatically as a result

Question 16

IMPROVING HOUSING - MODERN ERA ?

Answer 16

HOUSING ACT 1919 - David Lloyd George promised ‘Homes fit for heroes’ post WW1
Beveridge Report 1942 named ‘Squalor’ as one of the five giants
Post WW2, 1.25 million new homes were built by 1951
During the 1960s inner city slums were replaced with high rise apartment blocks

Question 17

HOUSING MODERN ERA - WELSH EXAMPLE ?

Answer 17

1960s Wales - 92,000 homes found unfit for habitation

Question 18

THE GREAT SMOG ?

Answer 18

In 1952, 4,000 people died from pollution.
Prompted the 1956 Clean Air Act

Question 19

21st CENTURY PUBLIC HEALTH CAMPAIGNS ?

Answer 19

In the 21st century more effort is put into educating on a healthier lifestyle

‘Walk for Health’ - 10,000 steps a day
Birmingham ‘Be Active’ - Free leisure to its residents, 1/3 of residents involved
Five a day campaign - Eat well plate 2016
Encouraging the public a healthy balanced diet.