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GCSE History unit 2 - Germany > KQ7 - Hitler's Foreign Policy > Flashcards

KQ7 - Hitler's Foreign Policy Flashcards

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1
Q

What were Hitler’s foreign policy aims?

A 
Reverse the Treaty of Versailles
Unite all German-speaking people
Lebensraum
Anschluss
Destroy Communism

(RULAD)

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2
Q

Why did Hitler see the League of Nations as extremely weak at the beginning of his chancellorship?

A

The League of Nations failed to stop Japanese aggression in Manchuria and was also extremely slow to react. In spite of condemnation by the League, Japan simply left the organisation showing the powerlessness of the League.

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3
Q

Why was Hitler in a favourable situation at the beginning of his chancellorship in 1933?

A

Failure of League of Nations

Britain and France’s focus was the fascist leader Benito Mussolini who continually spoke of recreating a large empire like the Romans.

Many people and politicians in Britain felt that Germany had been real to harshly by ToV. Hitler realised he would not face a great deal of opposition when challenging the ToV

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4
Q

How many countries were at the Disarmament conference of 1932?

A

Representatives of 60 nations

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5
Q

What was the aim of the disarmament conference?

A

To discuss ways in which their countries might disarm and so reduce the chance of war.

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6
Q

Why did the Disarmament conference fail?

A

Differences between France and Germany.

Germany insisted that every country should disarm to the lowest level: in other words, reduce their armed forces to match those of Germany. When the French, concerned about the growth of German refused to co-operate, Hitler withdrew from the Conference.

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7
Q

What was the consequence of the Disarmament conference?

A

Hitler in a stronger position to rearm on the grounds of equality with other nations (self-defender).

During 1933, Hitler announced that the German peacetime arm would eventually be 300000. A new air ministry to train pilots and build 1000 aircrafts. This was a direct contravention of the ToV but nothing was done to stop him.

He then showed contempt for the LoN in October 1933 by withdrawing Germany’s membership.

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8
Q

When was the Non-Aggression Pact with Poland

A

January 1934

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9
Q

How long the Non-Aggression pact with Poland to last?

A

10 years

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10
Q

When was the Attempted Anschluss with Austria?

A

1934 (attempted takeover starting in July)

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11
Q

Who was the Austrian Chancellor in the first attempt of Anschluss?

A

Dolffuss

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12
Q

What did Dollfuss do to maintain Austrian independence?

A

He outlawed the Austrian Nazi Party

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13
Q

How did the Austrian Nazi Party attempt to take power?

A

In July 1934, they attacked the radio station in Vienna and forced the staff to broadcast that Dollfuss had resigned l. They then assassinated Dollfuss and tried to seize power

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14
Q

Why did the attempted Anschluss fail?

A

Lack of support from Hitler who was concerned about the possible actions of Benito Mussolini. The Italian dictator regarded himself as the guardian of Austria and he did not favour a strong Germany on the border of Italy. Mussolini moves 100 000 troops to the Austrian frontier to prevent a German takeover. Hitler was forced to deny any involvement in the attempted takeover or the murder of Dollfuss.

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15
Q

When was the plebiscite in the Saarland held?

A

13 January 1935

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16
Q

What were the results of the Saarland plebiscite?

A

The Saar, which had been administered by the League of Nations since 1920 voted by 477000 to 48000 to rejoin Germany. The plebiscite was open and democratic.

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17
Q

When did the Saarland return to Germany?

A

On 1 March 1935, the Saar officially became part of Germany again.

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18
Q

When did Hitler officially reintroduce rearmament and conscription?

A

March 1935

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19
Q

How was rearmament introduced?

A

Army, navy and airforce were all built up openly. The Wehrmacht was to have about 550000 men..

20
Q

What the German people’s reaction to rearmament and conscription?

A

It made Hitler popular within Germany. Jobs were created and people could see that Germany was beginning to be seen as a strong nation once again.

21
Q

When was the Stresa Front?

A

April 1935

22
Q

When was the Anglo-German Naval Treaty?

A

June 1935

23
Q

When was the Italian invasion of Abyssinia?

A

October 1935. (It destroyed all xo-operation between France, Italy and Britain.

24
Q

When was the reoccupation of the Rhineland?

A

On 7 March 1936

25
Q

How did the reconciliation of the Rhineland improve Hitler’s popularity within Germany? Stats?

A

A referendum was held asking the German people to approve the re-occupations of the 99% of the electorate that voted, 98.8% voted in favour.

26
Q

When was the Rome-Berlin’s Axis?

A

October 1936

27
Q

What were the terms of the Rome-Berlin Axis?

A

Work together on matters of mutual interest.
Agreement to follow common foreign policy
Central to the agreement as the policy to stop the spread of communism in Europe.

28
Q

When was the initial Anti-Comintern Pact? When did Mussolini join the pact?

A

November 1936. A year later in November 1937, Mussolini joined the pact.

29
Q

What percentage of Austrians were German speaking?

A

96%

30
Q

Who was the Austrian Chancellor in 1938?

A

Schuschnigg

31
Q

Describe the Events of the Anschluss

A

1936-37 Hitler encourages Nazi Party in Austria to stir trouble. Stage demonstrations.

Jan 1938 Hitler begins to step up campaign. Bomb public buildings and stage mass parades.

12 Feb 1938 Hitler invites Schuschnigg to Germany to discuss the chaos. Schuschnigg bullied into accepting 2 Austrian Nazis into cabinet and closer economic ties to Germany.

8 March 1938 return to Vienna, Schuschnigg calls plebiscite

12 March 1938 Hitler threatens invasion and Schuschnigg resigns. Replace by leader of Austrian Nazis, Arthur Seyss-Inquart. Asks troops to restore order

13 March Anschluss proclaimed.

April 99.75% Austrians voted in favour of the Anschluss.

32
Q

When did Hitler begin stirring up trouble in the Sudetenland? How?

A

April 1938, Hitler orders Henlein, leader of the Sudetenland Nazi Party to stir up trouble and German newspapers then published reports of atrocities committed against Sudetenland Germans by Czech officials.

33
Q

When were the 3 Key meetings of the Sudetenland Crisis?

A

15 September 1938 (Berchtesgaden)
22 September 1938 (Godesberg)
29 September 1038 (Munich)

34
Q

Why was the Sudetenland vital?

A

Contained almost three quarters of Czechoslovakia’s industry and some important armament factories.

A free and Hostile Czechoslovakia makes it impossible to fight war on 2 fronts.

Hitler thought the USSR would invade through Czechoslovakia.

Create more Lebensraum

35
Q

When did Hitler takeover Czechoslovakia?

A

March 1939

36
Q

What happened to Czechoslovakia after the takeover?

A

Czech provinces of Bohemia and Moravia given to Germany.

Slovakia became a republic but it was really controlled by Germany.

37
Q

What was Britain and France’s reaction to the takeover of Czechoslovakia?

A

Immediately ended policy of appeasement.

Hitler could not be trusted as he broke Munich agreement and the Czechs were not German.

Britain’s armament which had begun in earners after Munich had now started to accelerate.

38
Q

When’d did Britain guarantee to safeguard Poland’s borders?

A

30 March 1939

39
Q

When was Operation White ready by?

A

11 April 1939

40
Q

When was the Pact of Steel?

A

May 1939

41
Q

What was the terms of the Pact of Steel?

A

Full military alliance.
Agreed to assist each other in war and plan operations together.

Closet economic co-operation between the countries.

42
Q

When was the Nazi Soviet Pact?

A

23 August 1939 after 2 meetings between Ribbentrop and Molotov.

43
Q

What were the terms of the Nazi Soviet Pact?

A

Agreed to not support a third country if it attacked the others.

Agreed to consult on matters of common interest and promised not to join any alliance aimed at the other.

Secretary agreed to invade and divide up Poland. Soviet Union was to occupy the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

44
Q

When did Germany invade Poland?

A

1 September 1939

45
Q

Describe the invasion of Poland?

A

Within 2 days of the actual invasion, German forces had broken through Polish defences. German used the tactics of Blitzkrieg. City of Danzig was taken within a week.

17 September, Soviet Union invades Poland.
Warsaw surrenders on 28 September
Poland ceased to exist after 6 October when it was divided between Germany and the USSR
About 100 000 men were able to avoid capture and made their way to Britain to fight in the Free Polish Forces
There was little military activity for the rest of 1939 and this period became known as he Phoney War

46
Q

When did Britain and France declare war on Germany?

A

3 September 1939

GCSE History unit 2 - Germany (7 decks)

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