KQ3 - The Rise Of The Nazis and End Of Weimar

Question 1

When/who founded the German Worker’s Party?

Answer 1

Anton Drexler in 1919

Question 2

How does Hitler end up joining the party?

Answer 2

Sept 1919, Hitler (working for the army intelligence unit) was angered when listening to one of the speakers of the party. He gave a speech in reply.

Drexler was so impressed he offered Hitler to join the party.

Question 3

What was created in February 1920?

Answer 3

25 Point Programme

Question 4

When/where was the 25 Point Programme announced?

Answer 4

At a meeting in Munich, shortly after the words ‘National Socialist’ was added to the Party’s name (NSDAP)

Question 5

Stats to show the growth of the Early Nazi Party?

Answer 5

1100 in June 1920 to 55000 in Nov 1923

Question 6

What did the increasing membership of the party mean?

Answer 6

The party was able to buy and publish its own newspaper known as the ‘People’s Observer’ (Völkischer Beobachter)

Question 7

When did Hitler become the leader of the NSDAP?

Answer 7

July 1921

Question 8

What did Hitler do as leader?

Answer 8

Gave himself title of ‘Fuhrer’ which helped develop the Führerprinzip.

Adopted ‘swastika’ and raised arm salute.

Protection Squads created.

Question 9

Why were the protection squads created?

Answer 9

To protect Nazi speakers during political meeting in Munich which were usually quite violent.

Question 10

What did the Protection squads develop into? And when?

Answer 10

The Sturmabteilung or SA known as ‘brownshirts’ in 1921.

Question 11

When was the Munich Putsch?

Answer 11

8th November 1923

Question 12

When was Hitler found guilty for treason? What was his sentence?

Answer 12

1 April Hitler was founded guilty of treason but the judges treated him leniently and sentenced him to five years in prison (minimum sentence)

Question 13

How long was Hitler in prison? Where? What did he do there?

Answer 13

Served on 9 months of his sentence in Landsberg Prison where he completed his autobiography called ‘Mein Kampf’.

Question 14

Key ideas in Mein Kampf

Answer 14

Volksgemeinschaft (People’s community) referred to the idea that the strongest races would dominate the weakest.

Abolition of the Treaty of Versailles.

Lebensruam + Unite all German Speaking people

Jews blamed for everything wrong in Germany + All Jews to be eradicated from
Germany

Question 15

When/who did Hitler convince to lift the ban on the Nazi Party (NSDAP)?

Answer 15

Hitler persuaded the president of Bavaria to lift the ban on the Nazi Party. The party was relaunched in February 1924.

Question 16

When was the bam berg conference?

Answer 16

1926

Question 17

What did Hitler do at the Bamberg conference?

Answer 17

Possible rivals, such as Gregor Strasser (made Party Propaganda Leader) and Josef Goebbels (made Gauleiter of Berlin), were won over.

Other opponents removed (Hitler forces Röhm to resign as leader of the SA as he couldn’t guarantee his obedience + the SA would continue to be a violent group. Replaced by Ernst Von Solomon.)

Hitler creates Schutzstaffel (SS) as his personal bodyguard.

Introduces the HitlerJugend

Question 18

How did Hitler change one of he points of the 25 Point Programme?

Answer 18

In 1928, Point 17 amended to say that only private land owned by a Jew would be confiscated.

Question 19

Stats to show growth of Nazi Party under Hitler (post-jail)

Answer 19

Only 27000 members in 1925 but this figure exceeded 100000 by the end of 1928.

Question 20

Social impacts of the Depression points.

Answer 20

Death of Stresemann (German people did no have leader to solve crisis)

Loans made under Dawes Plan were withdrawn

International trade began to fall - businesses closed causing unemployment

Falling food prices hit farmers hard

Homelessness (people could no longer afford rent)

Unemployment Benefit (Gov needed more money to pay but getting less in taxes so there were talks of Benefit cuts)

Question 21

Stat on unemployment during depression

Answer 21

In early 1932, unemployment had exceeded 6 million.

Question 22

What period was Brünig chancellor?

Answer 22

March 1930 - May 1932

Question 23

What party was Brünig from?

Answer 23

Centre Party

Question 24

Why was Brünig seen as the end of Parliamentary democracy?

Answer 24

He had to rely on President Hindenburg using Article 48.

From this point, the Reichstag was used less frequently

Question 25

Did Chanceller Brünig call an election? If yes, when? If yes, what were the results?

Answer 25

He called a general election in September 1930.

The Nazis won 107 seats and became the second biggest party after the Social Democrats who had won 143 seats.

Question 26

Why was Brünig labelled the ‘Hunger Chancellor’?

Answer 26

He reduced government spending which made him lose the support of the unemployed.

Blamed for foreign investors withdrawing assets from Germany. (Potential investors were frightened off during the banking crisis of 1931)

Question 27

One positive of the depression

Answer 27

The suspension of reparations payments, but this did not come until 1931.

Question 28

What were the KPD?

Answer 28

German Communist Party?

Question 29

Stat on success of the German Communist Party during depression period

Answer 29

It usually polled more than 10% of the vote, gaining 100 deputies in the November 1932 elections.

Question 30

Success of Communist Party during Weimar Period

Answer 30

During the Weimar Republic period, the KPD was the largest communist party in Europe and was seen as the ‘leading party’ of the communist movement outside the Soviet Union.

Question 31

Reasons for the growing support of the Nazis Points

Answer 31

Propaganda
The depression
Financial Support
The role of the SA
The Appeal of Hitler
Failure of the Weimar Republic

Question 32

The Use of Propaganda for the rise of the Nazi Party?

Answer 32

Mass rallies, posters and banners to ensure that Nazis appeared everywhere.

Goebbels

By the early 1930s, the Nazis owner 120 daily or weekly newspapers that were regularly read by hundreds of thousands of people across the country

Question 33

How many seats did the Nazis have after the September 1930 election?

Answer 33

107

Question 34

Hitler’s presidential campaign

Answer 34

Nazis used modern technology. E.g aeroplanes allowed Hitler to speak to as much as 5 cities a day.

Goebbels ensured that not only the Nazi message was spread but that Hitler was seen as a national political figure.

Question 35

Who did the Nazi Party receive funds from?

Answer 35

Leading industrialists such as Thyssen, Krupp and Bosch who were terrified of the communist threat and growth of the trade unions.

Question 36

Which party did the Nazi make close ties to?

Answer 36

By 1932, Nazis began to develop close links with the National Party. The National Party leader, Alfred Hugenberg was a newspaper tycoon and permitted the Nazis to publish articles attacking Brünig.

Question 37

What did Hitler do with Röhm

Answer 37

He reappointed him as the leader of the SA in January 1931

Question 38

Stat to show growth of the SA during depression period

Answer 38

After Röhm reappointed leader of the SA in January 1931, within a year it’s membership has increased by 100000 to 170000

Question 39

What did the role of the SA develop into?

Answer 39

(Private army) to provide protection during meetings
To disrupt opponent meetings
To intimidate people to vote Nazi.

Question 40

The appeal of Hitler

Answer 40

He had Charisma, a quality other politicians lacked.

He offered something to all groups of society. He was a war hero, the saviour and the ordinary man in the street. His image was that he had given his whole existence to Germany

Question 41

Did Chanceller Von Papen call an election? If yes, when? If yes, what were the results?

Answer 41

General election called for 31 July 1932.

Question 42

Stat to show violence in the run up to the July 1932 election

Answer 42

About 100 people killed and 1125 wounded in clashes between political parties.

Question 43

The number of seats of the Nazi Party in July 1932

Answer 43

The Nazis won 230 seats and were now the largest party in the Reichstag. Hitler began to demand the chancellorship.

Question 44

What did Von Papen do to the Reichstag?

Answer 44

He dissolved the Reichstag in September 1932 because no majority or coalition could be formed and maintained. New elections set for November.

Question 45

The number of seats of the Nazi Party in November 1932

Answer 45

196 seats

Question 46

Why did Von Papen resign?

Answer 46

Von Papen suggested abolishing the Weimar Constitution but Kurt von Schleicher (minister of Defence) persuaded Hindenburg that this would result in civil war.

Papen lost Hindenburg’s confidence and resigned.

Question 47

What was Chancellor von Schleicher’s plan to create political stability

Answer 47

He hoped to attain a majority in the Reichstag by forming a do-called Querfront, meaning ‘cross-front’ where he would bring together different strands from left and right parties.

Question 48

How did Hitler become Chancellor?

Answer 48

Von Papen was determined to regain power so schemed with Hitler in early January 1933.

Supported by army, major landowners and leaders of industry that were appalled the Schleicher’s government might include socialists and were scared of a possible communist takeover.

Von Papen convinces Hindenburg that a coalition government with Hitler would save Germany. Von Papen thought he could control Hitler.

Question 49

When did Hitler become Chancellor?

Answer 49

30 January 1933