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GCSE History unit 2 - Germany > KQ6 - Terror And Persuasion > Flashcards

KQ6 - Terror And Persuasion Flashcards

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1
Q

Terror Points

A

SS
Gestapo
Concentration Camps
SD

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2
Q

When was the SS formed? Why

A

1925, to act as a bodyguard to Hitler

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3
Q

Who led the SS? Since when?

A

Heinrich Himmler after 1929

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4
Q

What colour was the SS uniform?

A

Black

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5
Q

How many members of SS were their?

A

By 1934, the SS had more than 50 000 members who were fine examples of the Aryan rave (expected to marry racially pure wives)

Membership of the SS and it’s various bodies had grown to 250000 by 1939

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6
Q

When was the Gestapo set up? By who?

A

Set up in 1933 by Goering

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7
Q

What was the Gestapo?

A

The Secret State Police (Geheime Staatspolizei)

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8
Q

When did the Gestapo come into the control of the SS?

A

1936

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9
Q

Who supervised the Gestapo?

A

It was supervised by Himmler’s deputy, Reinhard Heydrich.

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10
Q

What was the role of the Gestapo?

A

By 1939, the Gestapo was the most important police section of the Nazi State.

It could arrest and imprison those suspected to oppose the state. They were everywhere.

The most likely destination was the concentration camps run by the SS.

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11
Q

How many people were under arrest for political crimes?

A

By 1939, there were about 160000 people under arrest for political crimes

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12
Q

What was the main role of the SS?

A

The SS became responsible for the removal of all opposition to the Nazis within Germany.

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13
Q

What was the SD?

A

The SD (Sicherheitsdienst) was the intelligence body of the Nazis.

The main aim was the discover actual and potential enemies to the Nazi Party and ensure they were removed.

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14
Q

When was the SD set up?

A

1931

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15
Q

Who was the SD led by?

A

Under the command of Heinrich Himmler who appointed Reinhard Heydrich to organise the department.

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16
Q

Who did the first concentration camps hold?

A

At first, concentration camps set up detain political opponents including communists, socialists, trade unionists, and others who had left-wing and liberal political views.

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17
Q

Who ran the concentration camps?

A

The SA and SS ran the concentration camps though only the Gestapo had the authority to carry out arrests or interrogations and send people there.

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18
Q

The first concentration camps - Names

A

The earliest was in Dachau (near Munich).

Others followed, including Buchenwald, Mauthausen and Sachsenhausen

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19
Q

How were prisoners classified?

A

Different categories denoted by a different coloured triangle which had to been worn.

Pink triangles for homosexuals and red on were political prisoners.

20
Q

The work in concentration camps?

A

Initially, the work was pointless. E.g breaking stones.

Gradually, prisoners were used as forced workers in quarries, building, coal mines and armament factories.

21
Q

The conditions at concentration camps. Excuse for death?

A

Inmates were underfed and treated with brutality. Consequently, the mortality rates were very high.

If someone was killed at a concentration camp , family would receive a note saying that the inmate had died of a disease or been shot trying to escape.

22
Q

What happened to the law courts?

A

They experienced Gleichschaltung

23
Q

What happened to judges?

A

Some judges removed.

Had to become members of the National Socialist League for the Maintenance of Law.

Judges knew that the Minister of Justice and Hitler would alter sentences if they felt they had been too lenient.

From 1936, Judges had to wear the swastika and Nazi eagle on their robes.

24
Q

What happened to lawyers?

A

In October 1933, the German Lawyers Front was established and there were more than 10000 members by the end of the year.

25
Q

When was the People’s Court established?

A

1934

26
Q

What was the People’s Court?

A

Created to try cases of treason

27
Q

When was the Propaganda Ministry set up? By who? What was it called?

A

In March 1934, Josef Goebbels set up the Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda to control the thoughts, beliefs and opinions of the German people.

28
Q

Propaganda Points

A 
Radio
Cinema
Rallies
Posters
Books
29
Q

Radio as Propaganda

A

All radio stations put under Nazi control. Radio sets were everywhere (including loudspeakers in the streets).

Hitler and Goebbels made regular broadcasts.

Cheap mass-produced radios sold.

By 1939, 70% of German families owned a radio.

The People’s Radio lacked shortwave reception preventing Germans from listening to foreign broadcasts.

30
Q

Stat to show popularity of cinema

A

More than 100 films were being made each year and audiences exceeded 250 million in 1933

31
Q

What happened to cinema?

A

All film plots shown to Goebbels before going into production.

Many Germans were bored by overly political films so he gave loves stories and thrillers pro-Nazi slants.

All film performances accompanied by a 45-minute official newsreel which glorified Nazi Germany

32
Q

Famous Nazi film

A

Hitlerjunge (1933) tellers the story of a boy who runs away from a communist family to join the Hitler Youth only to by murdered by communists.

33
Q

What were the Nuremberg Rallies?

A

An annual mass rally held at Nuremberg to advertise the Nazi state.

They would last for several days and attracted almost 1 million people each year after the Nazis came to power.

34
Q

Local rallies and ‘other’ rallies

A

Local rallies and marches led by SA and Hitler Youth.

Spectacular parades held on other special occasions such as Hitler’s birthday

35
Q

Posters as a form of propaganda

A

Cleverly used to put across Nazi message. Simple and direct.

Many targeted at the Young.

36
Q

Books as censorship/propaganda

A

Encourage by Goebbels, Berlin students burnt 20000 books written by Jews, communists and anti-Nazi university professors in massive bonfire in May 1933.

37
Q

Censorship of The Arts Points

A

Goebbels set up the Reich Chamber of Culture. Musicians, writers and actors had to become members. Any that were thought to be unsuitable were banned.

Newspapers
Music
Theatre
Architecture
Art
38
Q

How were Newspapers censored?

A

Non-Nazi newspapers and magazines shut. By 1935, Nazis had closed down more than 1600 papers and thousands of magazines.

The Reich Press Law passed in October 1933, resulted in the removal of Jewish and left-wing journalists.

Any Foreign news has to be taken from the German Press agency.

Editors threatened with arrest and concentration camp.

39
Q

How was Music censored?

A

Hitler Hayes jazz due to it being ‘black’ music (racially inferior).

The Nazis encouraged traditional German folk music and classical music of Beethoven, Bach and especially, Richard Wagner (Hitler’s favourite)

40
Q

How was the theatre censored?

A

Theatre was to concentrate on German history and political drama. Cheap theatre tickets made available.

41
Q

How was architecture censored?

A

Hitler encourage the ‘monumental style’ for public buildings. Copies of Ancient Rome and Greece being made of stone. This is because he felt that Jews had not contaminated it.

The ‘country style’ (traditional houses with shutters) was preferred for homes to encourage pride in Germany’s history.

42
Q

What did Hitler do with Modern art? Why?

A

Modern art was called ‘degenerate’ because Hitler felt it was unpatriotic, backward and Jewish. It was banned.

43
Q

What type of art did the Nazis encourage?

A

Encourage art which glorified Germany’s past and the power of the Third Reich. rejected the weak and ugly and instead glorified the healthy and strong.

Artists expected to portray workers, peasants and women as glorious.

44
Q

How did Hitler implement art?

A

After 1934, it was decided that all new public buildings had to have sculptures which demonstrated Nazis ideals.

45
Q

What did paintings show?

A

The Nazis ideal of a simple peasant life.
Hard work as heroic.
The perfect Aryan
Women in their role as housewives and mothers. The

GCSE History unit 2 - Germany (7 decks)

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