KQ5- How Effectiely Did The Usa Contain The Spread Of Communism? Flashcards
What was the significance of the Korean war
- first hotspot of cold war
- first test for new UN to prove stronger than LON
- first time cold war had spread outside of europe
Un response to korea war
- immeiate security council meeting- passed reso nk broke world record
- called for nk to withdrw to 38th parallel
- 2nd june 1950- un members to help sk (16 countries total )- us to take control
Positives of macarthur
- v strategic
- successful landing at inchon
- successful in pushing nk back further
- highly respected in the usa- south west pacific in ww2- war hero and had good knowledge fo area
- in control of 16 diff countries armies
Negatves of MacArthur
- pushed nk too far back to yalu river- china felt threatened and sent in 200,000 troop and supplied w/ weapons and modern tanks from the ussr- macarthur had told truman low chance china involved
- wanted to atom bomb china-too violent
- roll back policyrather than containment- ignoring truman
- truman wanted to save as many lives as possibel- macarthur not concerned
Us successes in korea
- prevented communism spreading across world
- retained usa image of strength and upholding truman doctrine
- landing at inchon successful
- persuaded un to go against communism and support usa
- signed armistice at end of war- 38th parallel
- kept to policy of containment
- truman sacked macarthur preventing ww3
US failures in korea
- border remained the same
- 4 mill dead, 5 mill homeless
- money spent- $30bn 1953
- truman weakness for not going for whole country
- continued tensions ussr and usa
- rollback angered china- china involved in cold war
- almost cause ww3- atmoic bomb- escalated cold war
- china-usa relations weakened
- mountains, swam, frozen areas- diff terrain for usa to fight on
Bay of pigs
1961
- eisenher sent 1500 cia trained anti-castro exiles to inade cuba
- failed invasion
- after a few hours- invaders rounded up by castro troops
Significance of cuba
- cuba large island 160km from florida usa
- cuba- usa ally long time
- usa owned many businesses in cuba +guantanimo bay naval base
- pre 1959- cuba gov by Batista- us backed dictator
- 1959-castro overthrew batista and set up pro-communist gov-lost us coca-cola
Ussr publically announced that soviet arms given to cuba
May 1962
Cuba best equiped army in latin america
July 1962
Cubans had soviet missiles, patrol boats, tank helped w/ 5,000 technicians
Sep 1962
U-2 spy plane photographed cuban missile bases
Oct 1962
- showed ussr builds nuclear missile sites
- experts say most sites ready to launch missiles in 7 days
- 20 soviet ships on way to cuba w/ missiles
Kennedy told of u-2 spy plane findings
- 16 oct 1962
- formed team of special advisers called ex. Comm
Kennedy announced blockade
22 oct 1962
-called on ussr to withdraw missiles from cuba
Kruschev sent kennedy letter 1st one
23 oct 1962
- didnt admit presence of nuclear missiles on cuba
- had not obseved blockade
First soviet ships observed blockade
24 oct 1962
-turned back
Work on the cuban missile basescontinued rapidly
25 oct 1962
Kruschev 2nd letter to kennedy
26 oct 1962
- missile bases are purely defensive
- if usa not to attack cuba and lift blockade
- might be possible to remove or destroy missiles
Krushchev 3rd letter to kennedy
27 oct
- ussr withdraw missiles if usa withdrew turkey missiles
- kennedy did not accept
- u-2 plane shot down- usa pilot killed
- kennedy called for immediate action on cuba- delayed
- told kruschev would accept origional offer - but if ussr not withdraw, attack soon follow
Krushchev agreed to withdraw misiles
28 oct 1962
Why did kennedy blockade cuba
- made kennedy look strong
- not direct act of war -retaliation unlikely
- invasion failed before -bay of pigs
Was cuba a success for us policy of containment-sucess
- latin america communism didnt spread any further
- kennedy public image improvd- turkey missiles removed in secret
- usa looked strong- removed missiles
- ussr- cuba relations deteriorated
- usa-ussr reations improved- hotline
- restored MAD
- achieved peaceful coexistance
- prevented nuclear war
- kruschev lost power
- blockade successful
- won propaganda victory in cold war
Cuba failure for policy of containment
- bay of pigs failure
- communism remained on cuba
- nationalised cuba businesses
- castro attempted assassination failed- 5 times in total up til 1963 march
- lost turkey missiles
Korea date
1950-53
Cuba date
1963
Vietnam date
1955/65-75
South korea leader
Syngmin Rhee
North korean leader
Kim il Sung
Us leaders in korean war
Truman (president)
Macarthur (general)
China leader
Mao zedong
Ussr leader korea war
Stalin
Cuba leader
Castro
-pre 1959- batista
Us leader cuban missile crisis
Kennedy
Ussr leader cuba
Krushchev
North vietnam leader
Ho chi minh
South vietnam leader
Diem
Usa leaders vietnam
Eisenhower, kennedy, johnson, nixon, ford
Ussr leader vietnam
Krushchev
Containment
Us policy of preventing the spread of communism announced in truman doctrine
Ho chi minh declared vietnam independant
1945
- independant from japan post ww2
- fr wanted to rule vietnam again
French and vietnam war
1946
-war seen as a fight against colonial rule of france- USA sympathetic didnt know about communism
China now communist + helped Ho chi minh
1949
- us viewed Viet Minh as puppets of china and communism
- fearful of communism spreading to rest of s. E. Asia
- us gave $500 mil to french year to fight against communism
French defeated
1954
- Dien bien phu
- vietnm divided into n&s
- usa prevented elections as fearful communists would win
US setting up s. Vietnam
1955
- helping diem
- diem anti communist, little respect for buddhist religion or peasants
- us supplied the corrupt regime w/ $1.6 bn
Viet cong set up
1960
- lead by ho chi minh
- increase support due to the corrupt s
- attacked s.v. Gov forces, officials, building, us bases
Kennedy sent military advisers to fight viet cong
1962
Military involvement increased in usa
1963-64 11,500 to 23,000 soldiers
- kennedy assasinated
- coup overthrew diem
Tonkin gulf incident
1964
-n.v patrol boats open fire on us ships
Us at war with vietnam
1965
3,500 ashore at Da Nonsh
-operation rolling thunder
Tet offensive
1968
- veitcog atacked us embassy at saigon and us held areas across s. Vietnam 100 cities
- later driven back by us
- 10,000 vc soldiers died
- hoped that s.v would rise up and support
- showed usa that despite efforts, no progress against vietcong or communism
My lai massacre
1968
- us soldiers from charlie company, search and rescue mission
- killed 300 civillians inc children
- damaged us reputation and undermined support for war at home
- ‘life’ magazine published
- initially seen as successs- found some weapons
Vietnamisation started
1969
Xmas bombing and draft protests
1972
Paris peace accords signed
1973
-ending direct us involvement in vietnam
Ford decalred war in vietnam as over
Apr 23 1975
-‘as far as America is concerned’
Capture of Saigon
Apr 30 1975
- sv fell to n control
- evacuation of staff from us embasy using helicopters
- renamed ho chi minh city
- some sv evacuated
Eisenhower in vietnam
1953-61
-created SEATO (south east asian treaty organisation)- stop communism spreadingin s. East asia
-used as a cover to build new nation in sv to fight against communism
-after geneva accords- partition of vietnam
1955- born republic sv with diem president
Kennedy
1961-63
-pledged extra aid to diem regime- more machinery and advisers
1963- 3 weeks before assassination ordered coup to overthrow diem
Johnson
1963-69 1963- sent first cmbat troops -draft instated soon after- many anti war protests -1964- gulf of tonkin incident -1965- operation rolling thunder -968- tet offensive + my lai massacre
Nixon
1969-74
-1969- vietnamisation started
-escalated war into laos and cambodia - atttempting to destroy communist stuffs from ho chi minh trail
1972- draft protests
-xmas bombing- keep nv at resolution table , convinced sv to sign
1973- paris peace accords signed- end us involvement
1974- resigned after watergate scandal
Ford
1974-77
-cut off aid for sv
-forbade further us involvement in vietnam, laos, cambodia even when nv blatently violated settlement in 1975
-1975 declared vietam war over’ as far as America is concerned’
Sv fell to communism
Why did ho chi minh use geurilla tactics
- mao established communism in china using guerilla tactics
- vietcong soldiers heavily outnumbered by us and sv troops so needed more effective tactic
- vietcong no match for usa in open combat
Geneva accords
-signed 1954
Agreed korea split in half
US tactics- bombing
- operation rolling thunder-3 mill tonnes bombs dropped
- usa bombed military, industrial and civlian targets along ho chi minh trail
- damaged nv war effort
- civilian casulties- damaged public opinion
Us tactics-technology
- agent orange and napalm destroyed jungle so could see viet cong better
- didnt expose tunnels
- burnt through bone- pulitzer prize photo
- locals resented usa
Usa tactics- conscription and moral
Us introduced draft- av age 19 y -1 year sevice -inexperienced troops -low moral didnt believe in what fighting for -
Cost of war in vietnam
$170bn
Deeaths vietnam us
60,000
Sugar trade deal
1964
- cuba and ussr
- export 24 mill tonnes for 5 years at fixed price
