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History > KQ5- How Effectiely Did The Usa Contain The Spread Of Communism? > Flashcards

KQ5- How Effectiely Did The Usa Contain The Spread Of Communism? Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the significance of the Korean war

A
  • first hotspot of cold war
  • first test for new UN to prove stronger than LON
  • first time cold war had spread outside of europe
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2
Q

Un response to korea war

A
  • immeiate security council meeting- passed reso nk broke world record
  • called for nk to withdrw to 38th parallel
  • 2nd june 1950- un members to help sk (16 countries total )- us to take control
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3
Q

Positives of macarthur

A
  • v strategic
  • successful landing at inchon
  • successful in pushing nk back further
  • highly respected in the usa- south west pacific in ww2- war hero and had good knowledge fo area
  • in control of 16 diff countries armies
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4
Q

Negatves of MacArthur

A
  • pushed nk too far back to yalu river- china felt threatened and sent in 200,000 troop and supplied w/ weapons and modern tanks from the ussr- macarthur had told truman low chance china involved
  • wanted to atom bomb china-too violent
  • roll back policyrather than containment- ignoring truman
  • truman wanted to save as many lives as possibel- macarthur not concerned
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5
Q

Us successes in korea

A
  • prevented communism spreading across world
  • retained usa image of strength and upholding truman doctrine
  • landing at inchon successful
  • persuaded un to go against communism and support usa
  • signed armistice at end of war- 38th parallel
  • kept to policy of containment
  • truman sacked macarthur preventing ww3
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6
Q

US failures in korea

A
  • border remained the same
  • 4 mill dead, 5 mill homeless
  • money spent- $30bn 1953
  • truman weakness for not going for whole country
  • continued tensions ussr and usa
  • rollback angered china- china involved in cold war
  • almost cause ww3- atmoic bomb- escalated cold war
  • china-usa relations weakened
  • mountains, swam, frozen areas- diff terrain for usa to fight on
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7
Q

Bay of pigs

A

1961

  • eisenher sent 1500 cia trained anti-castro exiles to inade cuba
  • failed invasion
  • after a few hours- invaders rounded up by castro troops
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8
Q

Significance of cuba

A
  • cuba large island 160km from florida usa
  • cuba- usa ally long time
  • usa owned many businesses in cuba +guantanimo bay naval base
  • pre 1959- cuba gov by Batista- us backed dictator
  • 1959-castro overthrew batista and set up pro-communist gov-lost us coca-cola
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9
Q

Ussr publically announced that soviet arms given to cuba

A

May 1962

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10
Q

Cuba best equiped army in latin america

A

July 1962

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11
Q

Cubans had soviet missiles, patrol boats, tank helped w/ 5,000 technicians

A

Sep 1962

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12
Q

U-2 spy plane photographed cuban missile bases

A

Oct 1962

  • showed ussr builds nuclear missile sites
  • experts say most sites ready to launch missiles in 7 days
  • 20 soviet ships on way to cuba w/ missiles
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13
Q

Kennedy told of u-2 spy plane findings

A
  • 16 oct 1962

- formed team of special advisers called ex. Comm

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14
Q

Kennedy announced blockade

A

22 oct 1962

-called on ussr to withdraw missiles from cuba

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15
Q

Kruschev sent kennedy letter 1st one

A

23 oct 1962

  • didnt admit presence of nuclear missiles on cuba
  • had not obseved blockade
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16
Q

First soviet ships observed blockade

A

24 oct 1962

-turned back

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17
Q

Work on the cuban missile basescontinued rapidly

A

25 oct 1962

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18
Q

Kruschev 2nd letter to kennedy

A

26 oct 1962

  • missile bases are purely defensive
  • if usa not to attack cuba and lift blockade
  • might be possible to remove or destroy missiles
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19
Q

Krushchev 3rd letter to kennedy

A

27 oct

  • ussr withdraw missiles if usa withdrew turkey missiles
  • kennedy did not accept
  • u-2 plane shot down- usa pilot killed
  • kennedy called for immediate action on cuba- delayed
  • told kruschev would accept origional offer - but if ussr not withdraw, attack soon follow
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20
Q

Krushchev agreed to withdraw misiles

A

28 oct 1962

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21
Q

Why did kennedy blockade cuba

A
  • made kennedy look strong
  • not direct act of war -retaliation unlikely
  • invasion failed before -bay of pigs
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22
Q

Was cuba a success for us policy of containment-sucess

A
  • latin america communism didnt spread any further
  • kennedy public image improvd- turkey missiles removed in secret
  • usa looked strong- removed missiles
  • ussr- cuba relations deteriorated
  • usa-ussr reations improved- hotline
  • restored MAD
  • achieved peaceful coexistance
  • prevented nuclear war
  • kruschev lost power
  • blockade successful
  • won propaganda victory in cold war
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23
Q

Cuba failure for policy of containment

A
  • bay of pigs failure
  • communism remained on cuba
  • nationalised cuba businesses
  • castro attempted assassination failed- 5 times in total up til 1963 march
  • lost turkey missiles
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24
Q

Korea date

A

1950-53

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25
Q

Cuba date

A

1963

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26
Q

Vietnam date

A

1955/65-75

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27
Q

South korea leader

A

Syngmin Rhee

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28
Q

North korean leader

A

Kim il Sung

29
Q

Us leaders in korean war

A

Truman (president)

Macarthur (general)

30
Q

China leader

A

Mao zedong

31
Q

Ussr leader korea war

A

Stalin

32
Q

Cuba leader

A

Castro

-pre 1959- batista

33
Q

Us leader cuban missile crisis

A

Kennedy

34
Q

Ussr leader cuba

A

Krushchev

35
Q

North vietnam leader

A

Ho chi minh

36
Q

South vietnam leader

A

Diem

37
Q

Usa leaders vietnam

A

Eisenhower, kennedy, johnson, nixon, ford

38
Q

Ussr leader vietnam

A

Krushchev

39
Q

Containment

A

Us policy of preventing the spread of communism announced in truman doctrine

40
Q

Ho chi minh declared vietnam independant

A

1945

  • independant from japan post ww2
  • fr wanted to rule vietnam again
41
Q

French and vietnam war

A

1946

-war seen as a fight against colonial rule of france- USA sympathetic didnt know about communism

42
Q

China now communist + helped Ho chi minh

A

1949

  • us viewed Viet Minh as puppets of china and communism
  • fearful of communism spreading to rest of s. E. Asia
  • us gave $500 mil to french year to fight against communism
43
Q

French defeated

A

1954

  • Dien bien phu
  • vietnm divided into n&s
  • usa prevented elections as fearful communists would win
44
Q

US setting up s. Vietnam

A

1955

  • helping diem
  • diem anti communist, little respect for buddhist religion or peasants
  • us supplied the corrupt regime w/ $1.6 bn
45
Q

Viet cong set up

A

1960

  • lead by ho chi minh
  • increase support due to the corrupt s
  • attacked s.v. Gov forces, officials, building, us bases
46
Q

Kennedy sent military advisers to fight viet cong

A

1962

47
Q

Military involvement increased in usa

A

1963-64 11,500 to 23,000 soldiers

  • kennedy assasinated
  • coup overthrew diem
48
Q

Tonkin gulf incident

A

1964

-n.v patrol boats open fire on us ships

49
Q

Us at war with vietnam

A

1965
3,500 ashore at Da Nonsh
-operation rolling thunder

50
Q

Tet offensive

A

1968

  • veitcog atacked us embassy at saigon and us held areas across s. Vietnam 100 cities
  • later driven back by us
  • 10,000 vc soldiers died
  • hoped that s.v would rise up and support
  • showed usa that despite efforts, no progress against vietcong or communism
51
Q

My lai massacre

A

1968

  • us soldiers from charlie company, search and rescue mission
  • killed 300 civillians inc children
  • damaged us reputation and undermined support for war at home
  • ‘life’ magazine published
  • initially seen as successs- found some weapons
52
Q

Vietnamisation started

A

1969

53
Q

Xmas bombing and draft protests

A

1972

54
Q

Paris peace accords signed

A

1973

-ending direct us involvement in vietnam

55
Q

Ford decalred war in vietnam as over

A

Apr 23 1975

-‘as far as America is concerned’

56
Q

Capture of Saigon

A

Apr 30 1975

  • sv fell to n control
  • evacuation of staff from us embasy using helicopters
  • renamed ho chi minh city
  • some sv evacuated
57
Q

Eisenhower in vietnam

A

1953-61
-created SEATO (south east asian treaty organisation)- stop communism spreadingin s. East asia
-used as a cover to build new nation in sv to fight against communism
-after geneva accords- partition of vietnam
1955- born republic sv with diem president

58
Q

Kennedy

A

1961-63
-pledged extra aid to diem regime- more machinery and advisers
1963- 3 weeks before assassination ordered coup to overthrow diem

59
Q

Johnson

A 
1963-69
1963- sent first cmbat troops
-draft instated soon after- many anti war protests
-1964- gulf of tonkin incident
-1965- operation rolling thunder
-968- tet offensive + my lai massacre
60
Q

Nixon

A

1969-74
-1969- vietnamisation started
-escalated war into laos and cambodia - atttempting to destroy communist stuffs from ho chi minh trail
1972- draft protests
-xmas bombing- keep nv at resolution table , convinced sv to sign
1973- paris peace accords signed- end us involvement
1974- resigned after watergate scandal

61
Q

Ford

A

1974-77
-cut off aid for sv
-forbade further us involvement in vietnam, laos, cambodia even when nv blatently violated settlement in 1975
-1975 declared vietam war over’ as far as America is concerned’
Sv fell to communism

62
Q

Why did ho chi minh use geurilla tactics

A
  • mao established communism in china using guerilla tactics
  • vietcong soldiers heavily outnumbered by us and sv troops so needed more effective tactic
  • vietcong no match for usa in open combat
63
Q

Geneva accords

A

-signed 1954

Agreed korea split in half

64
Q

US tactics- bombing

A
  • operation rolling thunder-3 mill tonnes bombs dropped
  • usa bombed military, industrial and civlian targets along ho chi minh trail
  • damaged nv war effort
  • civilian casulties- damaged public opinion
65
Q

Us tactics-technology

A
  • agent orange and napalm destroyed jungle so could see viet cong better
  • didnt expose tunnels
  • burnt through bone- pulitzer prize photo
  • locals resented usa
66
Q

Usa tactics- conscription and moral

A 
Us introduced draft- av age 19 y
-1 year sevice
-inexperienced troops
-low moral didnt believe in what fighting for
-
67
Q

Cost of war in vietnam

A

$170bn

68
Q

Deeaths vietnam us

A

60,000

69
Q

Sugar trade deal

A

1964

  • cuba and ussr
  • export 24 mill tonnes for 5 years at fixed price

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