Ds3- The Nazi Regime Flashcards
Army bomb plot/july plot
Jul 1944
- plan
- blow up hitler in conference room
- close down radio stations
- round up nazi leaders
- take over germany
- lead by army officials who though ww1 was lost and that hitler was leading germany to ruin - inc stauffenberg
- failed- hitler survived, killed 5000 people in reprisals
Use of terror
- the gestapo
- polics and the courts
- the ss
- concetration camps
Religion in germany
1933 almost all germans catholic
- 1/3 roman catholic(south)
- 2/3 protestant
Why were the nazis concerned about the church
- had power- a threat
- if believed in god less likely to worship hitler
- religion teaches clear rules of behavoir and attitudes- may conflict with nazi ideology
Church was needed by the nazis beacuse?
- many protestants voted for hitler
- commonground- importance of family life
- church a natural power base for nazis- could help become stronger
- church supported emphasis on military
Changes made to the church
1933- reich church- unite protestant churches
-pagan celebrations- german past bronze age- nazis ceremonies replaced chrtsian weddings, baptisms and funerals
Change to youth
- hitler youth positive when new- novel
- education- school curriculum changed
- geography- lebensraum
- biology-diff races
- german- traditions
- history- edited ww1
- music- classical- mozart
- opposition edelwiss pirates, white rose, swing movement
Changes to leisure time
- controlled by KDF-‘strength through joy’ program
- loyal and hardworking nazi party members given places on cruises- motivate to work hard and be a ‘good nazi’
- affordable but enjoyable trips offered
- suizerla d for 65 marks, italy 115 marks’
- kdf orchestra which toured germany
- kdf sports matches- 7mill took part
- volkswagen (peoples car)- hire perchase scheme- paid 5 mark per week until had 750 marks- never recieved car as war started
Changes to womens lives
- enourgaed to have lots of children
- ‘Law for the encouragement of marraige’ -newly weds got loan 1000 marks each child had 1/4 get to keep
- medals for children - bronze 4 , silver 6, gold 8
- encouraged not to slim- bad for childbearing
- shouldn’t wear make u, trousers- encourgaed to have certain hairstyles eg. Bun and plaits
- late 1930s needed workers
Boycott jewish businesses
1933
Jewish stores and offices has postrs put on them saying ‘Germans dont buy from jews’
Nuremburg laws
1935
-‘law for the protection of german blood and honour’- germans not allowed not marry jews
‘Reich citizenship law’- jewish people werent classed as german citizens
Kristallnacht
1938
- after jewish student shot an official in german embassy
- 100 jews killed
- 30,000 jews sent to conc camps
- jews excluded from schools
- no jewish businesses permitted
- 1bn communal fine against jews for paris embassy murder
- jews banned from many public places
Polish jewish ghettos
1939-49
- polish jews rounded up and transported to big cities into selaed areas called ghettps
- able bodied jews- slave labour
- young, old and sick- left to die of hungr and disease
Germans invaded ussr
1941
- in control 3mil soviet jews
- mass shootings of communist party activists ad jewish poeple
Jews had to wear star of david on clothes
1941
Final solution
1942
- senior nazis at wannsee- himmler in charge
- systematic killing of jewish population in germany and german controlled territory
- old, sick and young children killed immediately
- rest work labour camps, medical experiments
- 6mil jews killed
- 500,000 european gypsies
- political prisoners
- jehovas witnesses
- homosexuals
- russian and polish prisoners of war
Nazi treatment gypsies
1935 nurembeg laws- not allowed to marry germans and werent classed as citizens
-1939 conc camps in poland
Why were gypsies mistreated
- not aryan
- asocial
- didnt settle in one area
- didnt have regular jobs
- werent contributing to german economy- not part people’s community
Vagrants treatment
- forced to work
- often inside conc camps
Why vagrants mistreated
- ‘asocial’
- not contributing to economy/society
- may be young people left home, may be beggars
Black people treatment
Nuremburg laws
-jazz music banned
Why black people mistreated
- racism
- not aryan
Homosexuals treatment
-illegal
1943- death penalty for homosexuals found in ss and police
Why homosexuals mistreated
-role for adults to creat children - homosexuals couldnt carry out this
Mentally ill people treatment
Eg. Downs sydrone
- 1945- 300,000 sterillised
- 1941- 70,000 murdered
Why were mentally people mistreated
- considered hereditary and incurable
- wanted ‘pure’ race
- may not be able to work- couldnt contribute to economy
Edelweiss pirates
- expected to join hitler youth-opposed
- beat up hitler youth members
- anti-nazi slogans on walls
- collect propaganda leaflets from allied bombers and post through letter box
- attacked chief gestapo- nov 1944- 12 executed
Swing movement
- disagreed w/ limit on freeden if expression eg. Jazz music
- grew hir long, listen jazz music
- immitate foreign characteristica
White rose
- against nazi rule- spread anti-nazi posters around munich uni
- arrested by gestapo and tortured then executed- hans and sphie scholl
Intellectuals
- opposed censorship on lit and art
- albert eintein emmigrated to usa
Cardinal galen
- against euthanasia of mentally ill and physicaly disabled
- led program against euthanasia- hitler halted it
Catholic church opposition
Nazis had too much power and methods of control wrong
-1933 concordant- germany leave church alone so run catholic schools ifstopinvolve in politics
Deitrich bonhoeffer
- against reich (protestant nazi church) w/ strong nazified structure
- helped niemoller(formed alternative protestant church)
- helped jews escape from germany-involved w/ army intelligence secretly aginst hitler
- arrested by gestapo 1942- hanged 1945
Jewish opposition
Jewish uprising- warsaw ghetto 1945- lasted 4 weeks
Gad bek- leader jewish resistance in berlin
-captured 1945 but rescued by red army
Positive impacts on working men
Kdf subsection- beauty of labour
- persuade employees to improve working conditions eg. Good ventilation and hot meals
- unemployment decreased- public work schemes
Negative effects on working men
- abolition of trade unions
- increased working hurs in factories but wages remained the same
- forced to join DAF general labour front- strict camp for unemployed
Positive effects on workin women
None
Negative effects on working women
- couldnt work
- nazis thought should be houewives and have lots of children eg. Awards for having children - 8 for gold
Negatie effects on jews
- nazi persecution of jews
- blamed for germany problems
- boycott jewish shops and shut down jewish businesse
Positive effects of army
- 1.3 mill unemployed men into army
- hitler youth trained teenage boys for army
Positive effects on workers of small shps
-banned big department shops
Positive effects on manufacturers
-bought lots of vehicles, weapons, uniforms for army
Negative impacts on manufacturers
Srict control- told manufacturers the prices they could charge
-chose which manufacturers recived raw mterials
Postive effects on farmers
- cancelled farmers debts
- increased price of farm products s farmers had more money
- given subsidies as self sufficiency encouraged
Negative effects on farmers
- strict targets
- eg. Ordred eggs to lay 65 eggs/year if not slaughtered
Germany was a totalitarian state - political system
- all other political parties banned
- ss an gestapo ensured political opponents taken into conc camps
- enabling act- hitler complete control, reichstag not needed
Was totalitarian state- economy
- trade unions banned
- german labour front- nazi run trade union
- agriculture subject to strict targets
Was not totalitarian state- economy
-private business leaders had some independance in germany
Was not totalitarian state- society
-teenagers failed to conform - swing movement
Opposition - edelweiss pirates
Was totalitarian state- society
- free time controlled
- children - hitler youth
- kdf- adults
- controlled education system
Was totalitarian state- media and culture
- goebells in control of media - newspapers editors answerable to him
- peoples radia
- film plots approved goebbels
- illegal listen to foreign radio
Was totalitarian state- religion
-bonhoeffer arested and hung (helped jews esacpe and anti reich church)
Was not totalitarian state- religion
- catholic church concordant
- cardinal galen stop euthanasia program of metally ill
- protestants opposed- neimoller and bonhoffer
Was not totalitarian state- war
- brought shortages and bombin to germany
- opposition more confident- edelweiss pirates
Life in germany during WW2-
RARE
A
- area (carpet) bombing
- 1942- targeted large industrial areas w/ incediary bombs- didnt distinguish military and citizen
- overall 3.6 mill home destroyed
- 7.5 mill homeless
- feb 1943 dresden- 150,000 dead
R
Refugees
- area bombing in ruhr- thousand homeless
- 8 mill victims forced labour in germany
- 11 mill ethnic germans refugee from countries sourrounding germany in east
R
Rationing
- 1939 food rationed immediately
- chronic shortages 1944
- initially not needed- autarky
- meat shortages- lack imports from usa- 750g(1939) reduced to 250g per week in 1945
- jews less food entitlements
- nov 1939-clothes rationing- nazis raided hoyses to see if had surpluss esp, shoes
E
Economy
- women worked in armaments factories
- Unmarried women under 25- compulsory agriculture labour
- postal service suspended
- ig farben and big companies produced chemicals, explosions and gas in death camps
Food consumptiond during ww2 in germany
1941- food consumption fell per person by 25%
-meat shortages due to a lack of imports from the usa meant rationing was required
Improvement at start ww2
Initial german victories during the war saw an influx of luxury goods into germany eg. Invasion denmark and norway in 1940
German army size in 1935
-550,000 men
Ze 1934
How prevented protest forming
Hitler banned any public meetings without nazi approval
birth rate had increased
1939
By 45%
When was foreign radio banned
1939
