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History > Ds3- The Nazi Regime > Flashcards

Ds3- The Nazi Regime Flashcards

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1
Q

Army bomb plot/july plot

A

Jul 1944

  • plan
    • blow up hitler in conference room
    • close down radio stations
    • round up nazi leaders
    • take over germany
  • lead by army officials who though ww1 was lost and that hitler was leading germany to ruin - inc stauffenberg
  • failed- hitler survived, killed 5000 people in reprisals
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2
Q

Use of terror

A
  • the gestapo
  • polics and the courts
  • the ss
  • concetration camps
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3
Q

Religion in germany

A

1933 almost all germans catholic

  • 1/3 roman catholic(south)
  • 2/3 protestant
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4
Q

Why were the nazis concerned about the church

A
  • had power- a threat
  • if believed in god less likely to worship hitler
  • religion teaches clear rules of behavoir and attitudes- may conflict with nazi ideology
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5
Q

Church was needed by the nazis beacuse?

A
  • many protestants voted for hitler
  • commonground- importance of family life
  • church a natural power base for nazis- could help become stronger
  • church supported emphasis on military
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6
Q

Changes made to the church

A

1933- reich church- unite protestant churches

-pagan celebrations- german past bronze age- nazis ceremonies replaced chrtsian weddings, baptisms and funerals

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7
Q

Change to youth

A
  • hitler youth positive when new- novel
  • education- school curriculum changed
    • geography- lebensraum
    • biology-diff races
    • german- traditions
    • history- edited ww1
    • music- classical- mozart
  • opposition edelwiss pirates, white rose, swing movement
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8
Q

Changes to leisure time

A
  • controlled by KDF-‘strength through joy’ program
  • loyal and hardworking nazi party members given places on cruises- motivate to work hard and be a ‘good nazi’
  • affordable but enjoyable trips offered
    • suizerla d for 65 marks, italy 115 marks’
  • kdf orchestra which toured germany
  • kdf sports matches- 7mill took part
  • volkswagen (peoples car)- hire perchase scheme- paid 5 mark per week until had 750 marks- never recieved car as war started
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9
Q

Changes to womens lives

A
  • enourgaed to have lots of children
    • ‘Law for the encouragement of marraige’ -newly weds got loan 1000 marks each child had 1/4 get to keep
    • medals for children - bronze 4 , silver 6, gold 8
  • encouraged not to slim- bad for childbearing
  • shouldn’t wear make u, trousers- encourgaed to have certain hairstyles eg. Bun and plaits
  • late 1930s needed workers
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10
Q

Boycott jewish businesses

A

1933

Jewish stores and offices has postrs put on them saying ‘Germans dont buy from jews’

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11
Q

Nuremburg laws

A

1935
-‘law for the protection of german blood and honour’- germans not allowed not marry jews
‘Reich citizenship law’- jewish people werent classed as german citizens

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12
Q

Kristallnacht

A

1938

  • after jewish student shot an official in german embassy
  • 100 jews killed
  • 30,000 jews sent to conc camps
  • jews excluded from schools
  • no jewish businesses permitted
  • 1bn communal fine against jews for paris embassy murder
  • jews banned from many public places
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13
Q

Polish jewish ghettos

A

1939-49

  • polish jews rounded up and transported to big cities into selaed areas called ghettps
  • able bodied jews- slave labour
  • young, old and sick- left to die of hungr and disease
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14
Q

Germans invaded ussr

A

1941

  • in control 3mil soviet jews
  • mass shootings of communist party activists ad jewish poeple
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15
Q

Jews had to wear star of david on clothes

A

1941

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16
Q

Final solution

A

1942

  • senior nazis at wannsee- himmler in charge
  • systematic killing of jewish population in germany and german controlled territory
  • old, sick and young children killed immediately
  • rest work labour camps, medical experiments
  • 6mil jews killed
  • 500,000 european gypsies
  • political prisoners
  • jehovas witnesses
  • homosexuals
  • russian and polish prisoners of war
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17
Q

Nazi treatment gypsies

A

1935 nurembeg laws- not allowed to marry germans and werent classed as citizens
-1939 conc camps in poland

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18
Q

Why were gypsies mistreated

A
  • not aryan
  • asocial
  • didnt settle in one area
  • didnt have regular jobs
  • werent contributing to german economy- not part people’s community
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19
Q

Vagrants treatment

A
  • forced to work

- often inside conc camps

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20
Q

Why vagrants mistreated

A
  • ‘asocial’
  • not contributing to economy/society
  • may be young people left home, may be beggars
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21
Q

Black people treatment

A

Nuremburg laws

-jazz music banned

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22
Q

Why black people mistreated

A
  • racism

- not aryan

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23
Q

Homosexuals treatment

A

-illegal

1943- death penalty for homosexuals found in ss and police

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24
Q

Why homosexuals mistreated

A

-role for adults to creat children - homosexuals couldnt carry out this

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25
Q

Mentally ill people treatment

A

Eg. Downs sydrone

  • 1945- 300,000 sterillised
  • 1941- 70,000 murdered
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26
Q

Why were mentally people mistreated

A
  • considered hereditary and incurable
  • wanted ‘pure’ race
  • may not be able to work- couldnt contribute to economy
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27
Q

Edelweiss pirates

A
  • expected to join hitler youth-opposed
  • beat up hitler youth members
  • anti-nazi slogans on walls
  • collect propaganda leaflets from allied bombers and post through letter box
  • attacked chief gestapo- nov 1944- 12 executed
28
Q

Swing movement

A
  • disagreed w/ limit on freeden if expression eg. Jazz music
  • grew hir long, listen jazz music
  • immitate foreign characteristica
29
Q

White rose

A
  • against nazi rule- spread anti-nazi posters around munich uni
  • arrested by gestapo and tortured then executed- hans and sphie scholl
30
Q

Intellectuals

A
  • opposed censorship on lit and art

- albert eintein emmigrated to usa

31
Q

Cardinal galen

A
  • against euthanasia of mentally ill and physicaly disabled

- led program against euthanasia- hitler halted it

32
Q

Catholic church opposition

A

Nazis had too much power and methods of control wrong

-1933 concordant- germany leave church alone so run catholic schools ifstopinvolve in politics

33
Q

Deitrich bonhoeffer

A
  • against reich (protestant nazi church) w/ strong nazified structure
  • helped niemoller(formed alternative protestant church)
  • helped jews escape from germany-involved w/ army intelligence secretly aginst hitler
  • arrested by gestapo 1942- hanged 1945
34
Q

Jewish opposition

A

Jewish uprising- warsaw ghetto 1945- lasted 4 weeks

Gad bek- leader jewish resistance in berlin
-captured 1945 but rescued by red army

35
Q

Positive impacts on working men

A

Kdf subsection- beauty of labour

  • persuade employees to improve working conditions eg. Good ventilation and hot meals
  • unemployment decreased- public work schemes
36
Q

Negative effects on working men

A
  • abolition of trade unions
  • increased working hurs in factories but wages remained the same
  • forced to join DAF general labour front- strict camp for unemployed
37
Q

Positive effects on workin women

A

None

38
Q

Negative effects on working women

A
  • couldnt work

- nazis thought should be houewives and have lots of children eg. Awards for having children - 8 for gold

39
Q

Negatie effects on jews

A
  • nazi persecution of jews
  • blamed for germany problems
  • boycott jewish shops and shut down jewish businesse
40
Q

Positive effects of army

A
  • 1.3 mill unemployed men into army

- hitler youth trained teenage boys for army

41
Q

Positive effects on workers of small shps

A

-banned big department shops

42
Q

Positive effects on manufacturers

A

-bought lots of vehicles, weapons, uniforms for army

43
Q

Negative impacts on manufacturers

A

Srict control- told manufacturers the prices they could charge
-chose which manufacturers recived raw mterials

44
Q

Postive effects on farmers

A
  • cancelled farmers debts
  • increased price of farm products s farmers had more money
  • given subsidies as self sufficiency encouraged
45
Q

Negative effects on farmers

A
  • strict targets

- eg. Ordred eggs to lay 65 eggs/year if not slaughtered

46
Q

Germany was a totalitarian state - political system

A
  • all other political parties banned
  • ss an gestapo ensured political opponents taken into conc camps
  • enabling act- hitler complete control, reichstag not needed
47
Q

Was totalitarian state- economy

A
  • trade unions banned
  • german labour front- nazi run trade union
  • agriculture subject to strict targets
48
Q

Was not totalitarian state- economy

A

-private business leaders had some independance in germany

49
Q

Was not totalitarian state- society

A

-teenagers failed to conform - swing movement

Opposition - edelweiss pirates

50
Q

Was totalitarian state- society

A
  • free time controlled
    • children - hitler youth
    • kdf- adults
  • controlled education system
51
Q

Was totalitarian state- media and culture

A
  • goebells in control of media - newspapers editors answerable to him
  • peoples radia
  • film plots approved goebbels
  • illegal listen to foreign radio
52
Q

Was totalitarian state- religion

A

-bonhoeffer arested and hung (helped jews esacpe and anti reich church)

53
Q

Was not totalitarian state- religion

A
  • catholic church concordant
  • cardinal galen stop euthanasia program of metally ill
  • protestants opposed- neimoller and bonhoffer
54
Q

Was not totalitarian state- war

A
  • brought shortages and bombin to germany

- opposition more confident- edelweiss pirates

55
Q

Life in germany during WW2-

A

RARE

56
Q

A

A
  • area (carpet) bombing
  • 1942- targeted large industrial areas w/ incediary bombs- didnt distinguish military and citizen
  • overall 3.6 mill home destroyed
  • 7.5 mill homeless
  • feb 1943 dresden- 150,000 dead
57
Q

R

A

Refugees

  • area bombing in ruhr- thousand homeless
  • 8 mill victims forced labour in germany
  • 11 mill ethnic germans refugee from countries sourrounding germany in east
58
Q

R

A

Rationing

  • 1939 food rationed immediately
  • chronic shortages 1944
  • initially not needed- autarky
  • meat shortages- lack imports from usa- 750g(1939) reduced to 250g per week in 1945
  • jews less food entitlements
  • nov 1939-clothes rationing- nazis raided hoyses to see if had surpluss esp, shoes
59
Q

E

A

Economy

  • women worked in armaments factories
  • Unmarried women under 25- compulsory agriculture labour
  • postal service suspended
  • ig farben and big companies produced chemicals, explosions and gas in death camps
60
Q

Food consumptiond during ww2 in germany

A

1941- food consumption fell per person by 25%

-meat shortages due to a lack of imports from the usa meant rationing was required

61
Q

Improvement at start ww2

A

Initial german victories during the war saw an influx of luxury goods into germany eg. Invasion denmark and norway in 1940

62
Q

German army size in 1935

A

-550,000 men

63
Q

Ze 1934

A
64
Q

How prevented protest forming

A

Hitler banned any public meetings without nazi approval

65
Q

birth rate had increased

A

1939

By 45%

66
Q

When was foreign radio banned

A

1939

History (9 decks)

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