Ds2- Why Was Hitler Able To Dominate Germany By 1934? Flashcards
Jul 1919
Appointed intelligence agent of Reichswehr (Army and navy) with the role to infiltrate DAP
Sep 1919
Approved of the leader- Drexler
- joined
- put in charge of public speaking
1920
- helped to write 25 point program
- designed party banner
Mar 1920
- discharged from army
- worked for NSDAP full time
Apr 1920
-renamed to NAZI- nationist socialist german workers party
1921
- Hitler gained support from his newspaper
- replaced drexler as leader
- insisted on the hq in munich
Changes the in society the nazi party wanted in 1920s
- only ‘true’ germans in germany- aryan race
- jews excluded
- oaps provided for generously
- gifted children educated at the states expense
- communism destroyed
How did hitler gain control of the nazi party
Jul 1919-1921 flashcards
SA
- paramilitary organisation (storm trooper
- formed by hitler 1921
- mainly ex- soldiers from freikorps
- headed by ernst rohm
Jugenbund
1920s
-early hitler youth for 14-18y
What did the sa do
- disrupted meetings of communists and opponents-often beat up opposition supporters
- gave hitler protection at meetings
- Early 1920s-removed hecklers from nazi party
- used in night of the long knives
- attacked jews- kristallnacht
Munich putch events
8 nov- sa and hitler invaded von kahr (head of bavarian gov) meeting and announced taking over bavarian gov
-supported by ludendorff
-von kahr forced by gunpoint into locked room overnight - but escaped and told police
9th nov- hitler , ludendorff, 3000s nazis marched in munich
-hoped to gain support from public
-police opened fire
-16 marchers kiled
-hitler escaped in car
Munich putch result for hitler
- arrested and charged with treason
- charged 5y in prison- only served 9 months-lansburg castle
- wrote mein kamph in prison
- gained publicity from trial-newspaper coverage
Why did the munich putsch fail
- overestimated level of support he would recieve
- von kar calledarmed police
- germn people didnt rise up
- army remained loyal to weimar gov-ludendorff didn’t succeed
How did the munich putch fail
- 16 sa failed
- hitler arrested- high treason
- nazi party banned
- hitler prevented from speaking in public until 1927
Importance of munich putch
- gained publicity
- trail spread nationalist views,
- hitler powerful pubilc speaker
- wrote mein kamph in prison -changed tactics to legality
- judge lenient
- only served 9 months
- authority sympathetic to histler and what he tried to do
By 1928-nazis during stresemann era
- 100,000 members
- organised recruitment
- set up local nazi party
- youth organisations- hitler youth and nazi students league
1925- nazis during stresemann era
- persuaded authority to lift ban on nazi party
- enlarged sa - esp with unemployment ex-servicement
- set up SS
- joseph geobbels propaganda
- put candidates for reichstag elections
1926- nazis during stresemann era
- established
- nazi students league
- teachers league
- women’s league
- weimar nazi party rally
- party conference- persuade members to readopt 25 point program
1927- nazis during stresemann era
- branches set up all over germany
- each regional organisation under control of party official
- 34 districts
Aims and beliefs of the nazi party in 1920s
- amti-semitism
- abolish tob
- anschluss
- aryan race
- strong central gov
- points in 25 point program
Role of geobbels to 1934
- editor nazi newspaper
- 25 point program
- 1927- campaigns
- all germans work
- all german soldiers and workers should have homes
- support german farmers- land, stable prices, reduction of agricultural imports
Who voted for the nazis 1924-29
- peasant farmers- esp in n germany, promises to help agriculture, peasants racially pure
- shopkeepers and small businessmen- hyperinflation
- conservatives of the middle class in towns- moral decline in weimar culture
1928 election
12 seats 2-3% seats
Who didnt support the nazis
Workers- supported communists
1932 presidential election
Hitler (13.4 mill) vs hindenberg (18.4 mill)
-publicity for nazi ideas
Jul 1932 seats
Nazis 230 seats
-most seats in reichstag
Nov 1932
- 192 seats
Hitler made chancellor
Jan 1933
- hindenberg wanted von papen- who had no support in reichstag so needed hitler who was supported by reichstag to be chancellor
- von papen made vice
1930 election
-nazis 107 seats
Link with unemployment and seats
1929-32
2-6 mill unemployed
12-280 seats
Reichstag fire
27 feb 1933
- reichstag building set on fire
- inside found van de lubbe dutch communist- arrested for arson
- that night - 4,000 communist leaders arrested by police- threat
- hitler convinced hindenberg to pass article 48- suspended personal liberties and freedom of speech
- anti communist measures made- blamed events on communists, middle class superiority
- banned meetings and leaders
- couldnt vote on enabling act
- 81 communists lost their seat
Enabling act
Mar 1933
- used SA and SS to intimidate reichstag into passing the act
- only spd/ socialists opposed
- communists banned, catholic centre party supported hitler (concordant signed in july)
- able to pass laws to further his position without reichstag vote- eg banning trade unions
- never had a majority in reichstag- need a 2/3 to change constitution
- could sign agreements with other countries
- remove parliamentry democracy- reichstag voted themselves out
Night of the long knives
30 june- july 1934
- 30 june- rohm removed and arrested
- von kahr and von scliecher killed
- sa absorbed into ss
- 200-400 killed including opposition
Why was rohm removed
- homosexual- against nazis policys
- left wing views- oppose businesses that funded nazis
- wanted socialist policies -industrialists thought looked like communists
- couldnt afford to loose industrialkeaders eg. Farben -provided weapons for armed forces
-wanted to merge sa into army- loose army support
Why was von kahr and von schliecher killed
- possible rivals
- von kahr- opposed munich putch
- von schliecher- chancellor
Death of hindenburg
1934
- became fuhrer- both chancellor and president
- army pledge of loyalty
- began rearmament
- bought back conscription
- made plans for an expansionist foreign policy
Nazi revolution
1933-34
trade unions banned
- May 1933
- banned-had power- stopped kapp putsch
- all workers to join the german labour front
Removal of jews and opposition
Apr 1933
-civil service, courts and education
Political parties banned
Jul 1933
-germany one party state
State gov absorbed into central gov
Jan 1934
-opponents taken to concentration camps run by ss
SA during the night of the long knives - why removed
- demanding left wing ideals- would alienate groups hitler depended on eg. Middle class, businessmen and industrialists
- headed by rohm
- 2 mill members
- wanted to take over much smaller army
Companies that supported the nazis
Krupp- steel, artilleraryy, ammunition, armaments; farben made poisen gas
Gestapo size
32,000 men at end 1944
How many communists were arrested in total 1933
600,000 people
Unemployment rate 1939
0.5 mill
Autarky methods
- coffee from acorns
- iron poorer quality and more expensive
- makeup from flour
- imports 1/3 raw materials
