Kovno

Question 1

WW1 Kovno Capital of Lithuania
Poland took Vilna.
1930's - 31000 jews 25 percent of population.
Orthodox lived in Slobodka
Jewish intelligentsia another part.
3 stages of fate of jews.
1: murderous attacks 6.41 to10.41
2 stabilization in ghetto 11.41- 10.43
3.
Ghetto becomes a cc and is ultimately destroyed 11.1943 to 7.1944

Answer 1

Under soviet rule vilna is returned to Lithuania.
Within a year Ussr sovietizes Lithuania.
Jewish life crushed
2 days after Barbarossa Naxus conquer Kovno.
Pogroms by Lithuanians.
100’ s of jews murdered in pogroms.
Germans want more orderly form of murder.
Under organization of ez Lithuanians massacre in forts .
15.8.41 ghettoized jews relieved
Murder and ghetto at same time.
Need jews for forced labor unfinished airport
Karl Jager report Kovno When jews have done work we will exterminate them.

14.8.1941 500 jewish intelligentsia murdered
4.10.1941 destruction of small ghetto and its inhabitants
28.10.1941 Great Aktion 9200 jews murdered at 9th Fort.
End of 1941 less than 20000 jews.
DR Elchanan Elkes head of Judenrat
Ghetto forced labour for airport.
Jews dicumented life drawings diaries photographs.
Smuggling etc.
1943 became a concentration camp.
Mire than 3500 taken to forced labour camps like Klooga.

Zvi Kadushin secretly photographed daily life with a hudden camera.