Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EOM 1 - Test 4 > Koc - Ox Phos > Flashcards

Koc - Ox Phos Flashcards

1
Q

What are electron carriers for Complex I and Complex II?

A

FMN , FAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the only complex in OxPhos not mitochondrial coded?

A

Complex II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cytochromes

A

One elctron carriers

Iron coordinating rings

Mitochondrial coded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Iron-Sulfur Clusters

A

Non mobile electron intermediate carriers within the Complexes

sort of like buckets for the fire brigade to pass water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ubiquinone or “CoenzymeQ” , “CoQ10”

A

Mobile electron carrier

Freely diffusible within the lipid bilayer

Complex II - Complex III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rieske Iron Sulfure Protein

A

Non-heme iron protein in complex III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Complex I

A

NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase

Transfer two electrons from NADH to Ubiquinone

Four protons sent to intermembrane space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Complex II

A

Succinate Dehydrogenase

Same enzyme form Kreb’s cycle (Succinate - Fumarate)

Electrons from FADH2,, sent to Ubiquinone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Complex III

A

Ubquinone:Cytochrome C Oxidoreductase

QH2 gives two electrons to Cytochrom C

Four Protons pumped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When does Cytochrome begin acting as mobile transport in ETC?

A

After III, Cytochrome C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cytochrome C

A

Mobile electron carrier

Moves through intermembrane space

Heme protein

Carry 1 electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Complex IV

A

Cytochrome Oxidase

O2 reduced to 2H2O

Four protons transported to intermembrane space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Protons per molecule NADH?

What complexes does this pass flow through?

A

10 H+

Complex I - Complex IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Protones per molecule FADH2

What complexes does this pass through?

A

6 protons

Complex II - Complex IV

(skips complex I)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is there “3-5” ATP made from the NADH from glycolysis?

A

The NADH must be transported from the cytoplasm, and one of these methods inserts it at Complex II, so less protons are pumped at the end.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Malate-Aspartate Shuttle

A

Full complex chain

2.5 ATP / NADPH

(2x NADPH from glycolysis, 5 ATP total)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Glycerol 3 Phosphate Shuttle

A

Enters at complex II

1.5 ATP / FADH2

3 ATP total

18
Q

Where is the Malate-Aspartate Shuttle predominantly found?

A

Liver, Kidney, Hear

No energy lost

19
Q

What systems use the Glycerol 3-Phosphate Shuttle?

A

Skeletal Muscle and Brain

“Where is glycolysis prevalent?”

20
Q

Comple I Inhibitors

A

Amytal, Rotenone

21
Q

Complex III Inhibitors

A

Antimycin A

22
Q

Complex IV Inhibitors

A

Cyanide, Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, Sodium Azide

23
Q

ATP Synthase Inhibitor

A

Oligomycin

24
Q

Uncoupling Agents

Example?

A

Break proton gradient

Dinitrophenol

Aspirin (high doses)

25
Q

Addition of Cyanide to mitochondria?

ATP and O2 effect?

A

Complex IV inhibited

O2 not consumed

ATP not generated

26
Q

Addition of DNP to mitochondria?

Effect on ATP and O2?

A

Uncoupling agens–proton gradient broke

O2 - Still consumed, Complex IV can still run

ATP - Not produced, no protons to spin ATP Synthase

27
Q

ATP Synthase

F1 / Fo?

Protons/ATP?

A

F1: Makes ADP in Matrix

Fo: Transports protons, spins

4 Protons / ATP

28
Q

ATP Synthase Inhibitory Protein (IF1)

A

Prevents ATP hydrolysis during Ischemia

Bridges two synthase molecules, to lock them from spinning

Active at lower pH, low oxygen

29
Q

How is ADP/ATP transported between the mitochondrial membranes?

How is phosphate moved?

A

Adenine Nucleotide Translocase Antiporter

Relies on movement of protons going down their gradient

- -

Phosphate enters via symport with hydrogen

30
Q

Non Shivering Thermogenesis

Brown Fat

A

Uncoupling proteins (UCP1) or thermogene expressed in BAT breaks proton gradient, causes heat release

  • -

Brown fat contains more mitochondria, activated by cold and exercise

31
Q

What is source of many ROS?

A

CoQ is “leaky” and can be partially reduced

32
Q

What does mass leakage of Cytochrome C initiate?

A

Apoptosis

33
Q

What are the prosthetic groups and co-substrates required by PDH?

A

TPP (E1) - Transfer alkyl group

Lipoate (E2) - Oxidation and transfer of an acyl group

CoA (E2) - Co-substrate, Acetyl acceptor

FAD (E3) - Oxidation of lipoate

NAD (E3) - Co-substrate, oxidation of FADH2

34
Q

What is primary mchanism of PDH regulation?

A

Phosphorylation

Activate=Phosphatase

Inactivate=Kinase: NADH, Acetyl-CoA (end products)

35
Q

What are the irreversible (favorable) steps of the Citric Acid Cycle?

A
  1. Citrate Synthase
  2. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
  3. a-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase
36
Q

What is the origin of Carbon atoms lost in the Citric Acid Cycle?

A

OAA

37
Q

How many electrons can CoQ carry?

A

2

38
Q

What is purpose of IF1?

A

Prevents ATP Synthase from working in reverse when proton concentrations are flipped

39
Q

How many protons are required per ATP?

A

4 (3+1)

3x ATP Synthase

1x for Pi Symport

40
Q
A

EOM 1 - Test 4 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions