Koc - Metabolism Overview

Question 1

Anabolic vs Catabolic

Answer 1

Anabolic - Requires energy (- ATP)

Catabolic - Releases energy (+ ATP)

Question 2

Energy depleted, end products of catabolism?

Answer 2

CO2, H2O, NH3

Question 3

What is the convergence point of carbs, protein, and fat metabolism?

Answer 3

Acetyl-CoA, all leading to Citric Acid Cycle

Question 4

Glycolysis

Answer 4

Glucose (6-C) to 2 x Pyruvate (3-C)

Cytoplasm

Net: 2 Molecules ATP

Anaerobic - Lactate (2 ATP)

Aerobic - OxPhos (> 30 ATP)

Question 5

Aerobic Glycolysis (Warburg Effect) - ATP Produced?

Answer 5

4 ATP/glucose

Question 6

Substrates for Gluconeogenesis

Answer 6

Odd # Fatty Acids, Gluconeogenic Amino Acids

“Alcohol Hurts My Value”

Alanine

Histidine

Methionine

Valine

Question 7

What does B-Oxidation of fatty acids form?

Answer 7

Acetyl-CoA

Question 8

What is glycerol converted to for entry to Citric Acid Cycle?

Answer 8

Glycerol converted to Pyruvic Acid/Acetyl-CoA

Question 9

What does de novo synthesis of fatty acids start with?

Answer 9

Acetyl-CoA

Question 10

Three steps to protein metabolism (amino acids)

Answer 10

1. Deamination
2. Decarboxylation
3. Dehydrogenation

Question 11

What does heavy alcohol consumption lead to?

Answer 11

Increased Acetyl-CoA formation

Question 12

What begins the citric acid cycle?

Answer 12

Formation of (6-C) citric acid (citrate) from (2-C) Acetyl-CoA with (4-C) Oxaloacetate (OAA)

Question 13

What do additional intermediates in Citric Acid Cycle allow?

Answer 13

Greater metabolic control

More ATP produced

Question 14

What links oxidation of metabolic fuels to ATP synthesis?

Answer 14

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 15

What are key regulators of Cellular Metabolism?

Answer 15

ATP/AMP

10% Decrease in ATM = 600% increase in AMP

Question 16

What is the central means of AMP regulation across multiple systems?

Answer 16

AMPK

Activates Energy Creation Pathways (Glycolysis, B-Oxidation, etc)

Inhibits Excess Energy Pathways (Fatty Acid Synthesis, Insulin Secretion, etc)

Question 17

Location of Metabolism (Organ)

Gluconeogenesis:

Glycogen Synthesis:

Glycogen Breakdown:

Fat Storage:

Brain:

Answer 17

Gluconeogenesis: Liver / Kidney

Glycogen Synthesis / Breakdown: Liver / Muscle

Fat Storage: Liver / Adipose Tissue

Brain: Only Glucose / Ketone Bodies

Question 18

What type of receptor does Glucagon act on?

Answer 18

GPCR

Increases cAMP

Question 19

What organelle is elevated in the heart?

What does it mainly use for fuel?

Answer 19

Mitochondria

Fatty Acids