Knowledge Flashcards
How do we organize what we know?
- Prototypes
* Exemplars
Prototypes
typical model of something
High Prototypicality
- closely resembles the the category type.
* highly recognizable
Low Prototypicality
- lowly recognizable
* distantly resembles the category prototype
Rosch Rules w/ prototypicality
- High family resemblance (degree of overlap)
- Statement verification (speed or response, yes or no)
- Named 1st
- Priming (stimulus makes it easier to identify the following stimulus)
Exemplar Approach
Comparing the question to an example
Prototypes used..
in large categories
Exemplars used ..
in small categories
Heriachal organization
large to small categories
Rosch Model
Global (superordinate) to basic to Specific (subordinate)
Collins model
- How do we categorize in the mind?
- Model of memory suitable for computer
- Nodes;
- Links
- tested by the amount of time it takes to travel the network
Nodes
Category or concept
Links
the specifics
Cognitive economy
Shared properties at node
Spreading activation
Activities that spread out activation among links
Lexical decision task
Quicker response if words that are together are
(a) actually words
(b) words that usually go together
Improvements to collins model
- typicality effect: link length
- abandon hierarchy: based on experience
- problem: can explain almost any categorization event
