Knee to Foot Injuries

Question 1

Plantar Fasciitis

Answer 1

TIGHT BOTTOM OF FOOT (LIGAMENT)
Sign: sharp stabbing during step, decreased dorsiflexion, tight gastroc/soleus
Care: tape, soft tissue/stretching

Question 2

Morten’s Neuroma

Answer 2

NERVE DAMAGE 3RD-4TH TOE
Sign: burning/pain between 3-4 toe, walking on stone, toe numb +squeeze test
Care: avoid heels, arch correction

Question 3

Sesamoiditis

Answer 3

BONE UNDER BIG TOE OVERUSE
Sign: pain under big toe, pain w/ dorsiflexion, weak w/ resisted plantarflexion
Care: pad/bar, correct errors

Question 4

Turf Toe

Answer 4

BIG TOE JOINT/CAPSULE TEAR
Sign: pain/swelling at 1 MTP joint, pain w/ dorsiflexion, weak resisted ROM
Care: tape, idealize ROM/strength progressively

Question 5

Subungual Hematoma

Answer 5

BLOOD UNDER TOENAIL
Sign: blood under toenail, pain
Care: drain blood, ice

Question 6

Ingrown Toe Nail

Answer 6

INGROWN NAIL
Sign: visible skin growth over nail, pain, swelling, discharge
Care: nail trimming, warm compressing, tape

Question 7

Deltoid Ligament Sprain

Answer 7

INNER ANKLE INJURY (eversion)

Sign: pain w/ passive/active eversion, pain w/ resisted inversion, +talar tilt test

Question 8

Anterior Talofibular Ligament Sprain

Answer 8

OUTER ANKLE INJURY (inversion)

Sign: pain w/ passive/active inversion in plantarflexion, pain w/ resisted eversion, +anterior drawer test

Question 9

Calcaneofibular Ligament Sprain

Answer 9

OUTER ANKLE INJURY (inversion)

Sign: pain w/ passive/active inversion in neutral, pain w/ resisted eversion, +talar tilt test

Question 10

Syndesmosis (High Ankle) Sprain

Answer 10

HIGH ANKLE INJURY (ligament injured in distal tibiofibular syndesmosis)
Sign: appropriate MOI (boot, forced ext foot rotation & int leg rotation), toe walking, +squeeze test, +stabilization test

Question 11

Patellar Dislocation

Answer 11

KNEE CAP MOVED TO OUTSIDE
Sign: report pop/shift, pain, fast swelling, loss of function, +lateral apprehension test
Care: slight hip flex w/ slow knee extension, medical referal

Question 12

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

Answer 12

ACL INJURY
Sign: pop/crack, pain, unable to continue activity, instability, restricted movement, +anterior drawer test
Care: refer medical

Question 13

Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

Answer 13

PCL INJURY
Sign: minimal swelling, pain, restricted movement, +posterior drawer test
Care: medical referal

Question 14

Patellofemoral Pain

Answer 14

PAIN IN/AROUND KNEE CAP
Sign: pain when loading in flexed knee
Care: palliate pain, correct biomechanical issues

Question 15

Achilles Bursitis

Answer 15

BUMP ON ACHILLES
Sign: pain above achilles, palpable/visible bump
Care: address training/equipment issues, donut pad, stretching

Question 16

Achilles Tendonitis

Answer 16

INFLAMED TENDON
Sign: pain, swelling, decreased dorsiflexion, palpable bump
Care: idealize ROM, stretch, progressive training

Question 17

Achilles Tendonosis

Answer 17

DEGRADATION OF TENDON (microtrauma)
Sign: swelling, tenderness, palpable bumps, differentiate through MOI (repetitive microtrauma) and poor vascularity
Care: idealize ROM, address training issues

Question 18

Achilles Rupture

Answer 18

RUPTURED TENDON

Sign: pop/snap, pain immediate but subsides, palpable gap, no plantarflexion (hanging foot), +thompson test