Head and Face Injuries

Question 1

Facial Laceration

Answer 1

CUT TO FACE
Sign: pain, substantial bleeding
Care: clean, apply pressure, rule out skull fracture

Question 2

Scalp Injury

Answer 2

CUT ON SCALP
Sign: excessive bleeding, pain
Care: clean, remove hair, apply pressure, over 1/2 in to be referred

Question 3

Epidural Hematoma

Answer 3

BLOOD BETWEEN SKULL AND DURA MATER
Sign: LOC, pain, dizzy, pupils dilated
Care: refer for neuro

Question 4

Subdural Hematoma

Answer 4

BLOOD BETWEEN DURA MATER AND MENINGES
Signs: LOC, pupil asymmetry, headache, dizzy, nausea
Care: refer to neuro

Question 5

Forehead Fracture

Answer 5

FRACTURED FOREHEAD (SKULL)
Signs: headache, nausea, blood in ear, ecchymosis around eyes/behind ears, possible cerebrospinal fluid in ear/nose, palpable defect
Care: refer medical

Question 6

Orbital Fracture

Answer 6

FRACTURED EYE SOCKET (SKULL)
Sign: posterior/downward eye displacement, restricted upward gaze, diplopia
Care: ice, no blowing nose, refer medical

Question 7

Midface/Maxillary Fracture

Answer 7

FRACTURED AREA AROUND NOSE (INNER)
Sign: nasal bleeding, ecchymosis, lengthening/flattening of face, palpable differences, mobile maxilla
Care: secure airway, keep sitting upright, refer medical

Question 8

Zygomatic Complex Fracture

Answer 8

FRACTURED CHEEKBONE (OUTER)
Sign: palpable deformity, cheek numbness, nosebleed, diplopia, possible restricted eye movement
Care: secure airway, keep sitting upright, refer medical

Question 9

Mandible Fracture

Answer 9

FRACTURED JAW
Sign: biting pain/uneven, palpable deformity, bleeding around teeth, + tongue blade test
Care: secure airway, immobilize, refer medical

Question 10

Tooth Fracture

Answer 10

CRACKED TOOTH
Sign: uncomplicated=fragments , complicated=pain, sensitivity
Care: fragments in milk/solution, refer to dentist

Question 11

Tooth Subluxation/Luxation/Avulsion/Intrusion

Answer 11

TOOTH OUT OF PLACE
Sign: loose in socket, displaced, dislodged, driven into socket, knocked out
Care: fragment in milk/solution/saliva, refer dentist immediately

Question 12

Nasal Fracture

Answer 12

FRACTURED NOSE
Sign: palpable asymmetry, septal hematoma
Care: secure airway, control bleeding by packing/pressure, refer medical

Question 13

Septal Hematoma

Answer 13

BLOOD CAUGHT IN SEPTUM
Sign: blue/red bulge on septum, pain, difficulty breathing
Care: pressure and drain

Question 14

Epistaxis

Answer 14

NOSEBLEED
Sign: bleeding
Care: blow nostril, sit upright, cold compression, +5 min bleeding refer medical

Question 15

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

Answer 15

BROKEN BLOOD VESSEL IN WHITE OF EYE
Sign: red
Care: resolves within 2-3 weeks

Question 16

Corneal Abrasion

Answer 16

SCRATCH ON EYE
Sign: pain, eye watering, light sensitivity, decreases focus
Care: refer medical, patch for younger patient

Question 17

Hyphema

Answer 17

BLOOD BETWEEN CLEAR AND COLOR PART OF EYE
Sign: visible blood
Care: immediate referral, bed rest 4 days, patch eyes

Question 18

Periorbital Ecchymosis

Answer 18

BLACK EYE
Sign: swelling, discoloration
Care: ice, NO blow nose

Question 19

Larynx Injury

Answer 19

THROAT INJURY
Sign: difficulty breathing, pain/tender, speechless/speech changes, loss of anterior neck prominence
Care: immediate referral

Question 20

Stinger/Burner Injury

Answer 20

NERVE STRETCH IN NECK/SHOULDER
Sign: trap pain, unilateral, sensory/motor change C5-6, quick healing
Care: rest until symptom resolution (5-10 min), test ROM/strength/skills

Question 21

C-Spine Injury

Answer 21

INJURY TO NECK (C-SPINE)
Sign: neck pain, bilateral, upper/lower extremity findings
Care: immediate referral, safe equipment removal, stabilize neck/head

Question 22

Sport Related Concussion

Answer 22

Linear=at impact/back , rotational=other side of skull

Sign: headache, nausea, fatigue, irritability, dizzy, gait change, LOC, slow
Care: test symptoms, medical emergency if red flags