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Rachel Flash cards > Knee MSK > Flashcards

Knee MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Largest joint in the body

A

knee

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2
Q

Hyaline articular cartilage what type

A

Type II collagen

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3
Q

Collagen types

A

Type I: Skin and normal tendons
Type II: Hyaline/articular cartilage
Type III: Tendinosis tendons
Type IV: Basement membrane

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4
Q

Segond fx

A

when you tear your ACL and you get a lateral tibial plateau fracture

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5
Q

ACL attachment/insertion

A

starts on femur and runs antero-infero medially to attach onto the tibia

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6
Q

ACL tenses with and muscle imbalance for injury

A

knee extension;; Weak hamstrings and stronger quadriceps causes imbalance forces on the ACL and may increase the risk of a tear in women.

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7
Q

With knee flexion wthe tibia will curve under the femur which will cause the ACL to pull the femur ___

A

anteriorly

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8
Q

PCL origin/insertion

A

starts on femur and runs postero infero laterally to attach onto the tibia

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9
Q

PCL tenses with

A

knee flexion;

Because of increased force in the patellofemoral compartment, patients with a PCL-deficient knee are more prone to patellofemoral arthritis.

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10
Q

PCL limits

A

posterior translation of tibia

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11
Q

Conjoint tendon

A

houses semitendinosus and biceps femoris medially, semimembranosus tendon originates laterally; ultimately going down the thigh the muscles separate out as MTB going medially to laterally

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12
Q

Semimembranosus and semitendinosus innervation

A

L4,L5, S1 sciatic nerve (tibial division)

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13
Q

Biceps femoris innervation

A

L5,S1 sciatic nerve tibial division long head fibular division short head

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14
Q

Sartorius

A

starts at ASIS and attaches at knee, hip flexor and knee flexor

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15
Q

Hip flexor and knee flexor

A

sartorius

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16
Q

Gastroc

A

S1,2 tibial nerve, flexes te knee as well as plantar flexes ankle

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17
Q

Quad- rectus fem, vast intermed, vast medialis, v LAT

A

L2,3,4 femoral nerve

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18
Q

Knee internal rotators

A

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, Sartorius, gracilis , Say grace before tea + semimembranosus

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19
Q

knee external rotators

A

biceps femoris

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20
Q

unlocks knee

A

popliteus muscle

21
Q

risk factors for knee OA

A

trauma, obesity, weak quad muscles and weak hip muscles

22
Q

popliteal artery entrapment syndrome

A

young males usually, gastrocs , pop pulse diminishes with plantar flexion, lower limb swelling and discomfort with mild disease otherwise vascular bypassnumb/ting in lower limb or foot, arteriogram, activity modificatoin

23
Q

most comonly injured ligmaent in sports

A

ACL

24
Q

most commonly injured ligament overall

A

MCL

25
Q

brace for ACL tear

A

Lenox Hill derotation orthosis

26
Q

Bakers cyst location

A

between medial head of gastroc and semimembranosus

27
Q

Tx for patellofemoral pain syndrome

A

RICE, IT band vastus lateralis stretching and VMO and hip girdle strengthening (quad imbalance, more lateral pull, so want to make it more medial), patellar sleeve, kinesiotape for tracking, surgery if fails after 6 months

28
Q

Chondromalacia Patella

A

Generally sequela of patellofemoral pain syndrome, patellar cartilage degenerates and becomes soft due to improper tracking, MRI, arthroscopy, XR

29
Q

Jumpers knee location

A

Inferior pole of patella, proximal patellar tendon

30
Q

tx of patellar tendonitis

A

quad strengthening and stretching, PRP or tendon scraping (tendonosis)

31
Q

Popliteus tendonitis

A

pain in lateral knee, often due to downhill skiing or running

32
Q

Snapping knee from what

A

IT band snapping over lateral femoral condyle

33
Q

Cause of IT band syndrome

A

Weakness/tightness of TFL/IT band and hip abductors (glut med)…most pain in 30 deg knee flexion, nobles test postive with 90 deg knee flexion

34
Q

Ober test

A

side lying raise affected leg, abduct leg and let it drop, if it floats for a little bit then IT band tight, tests for IT band syndrome.

35
Q

Patello femoral syndrome caveat

A

A shallower-than-normal patellofemoral contour would imply that the patella does not “stay in its lane”, and may easily veer off towards the shallow side, since it does not have good bony anatomy keeping it in place. This veering off is the reason for these patients’ knee pain… so if shallow medial patellofemoral contour then you would want to do vastus lateralis Strengthening and vastus medialis stretching!

36
Q

right leg single leg squat while twisting on the right knee.

A

Thessaly test, meniscal tears

37
Q

deep squatting while pivoting under resistance is a classic mechanism for

A

lateral meniscus tears.

38
Q

significance of q angle

The Q-angle is measured with one line from the ASIS to the central patella. Another line is drawn from the tibial tuberosity through the central patella. The Q angle is typically measured for evaluation of patellofemoral pain syndrome.

A 
A larger Q-angle may
create a larger lateral
vector and potentially a
greater predisposition to
lateral patellar tracking
when compared to a
smaller Q-angle;;;; also increased risk for patellar sublux
39
Q

Q angle associated with genu **

A

increased Q-angle is

traditionally associated with a valgus knee

40
Q

Q angle females and males

A

Normally, Q angle is 14° for males and 17° for females.

41
Q

What things increase q angle

A 
increased by 
genu valgum
increased femoral anteversion
external tibial torsion
a laterally positioned tibial tuberosity
or a tight lateral retinaculum.

also from Hip adduction and internal rotation

Basically, any biomechanical factor that causes the tibial tuberosity to be laterally displaced in relation to the central patella or ASIS will increase the Q-angle.

42
Q

arcuate popliteal ligament complex function

A

to provide posterior and lateral rotary stability .. posterior horn of the lateral meniscus attaches here

43
Q

Superficial posterior compartment of leg

A

gastrocnemius
plantaris
soleus

44
Q

Deep posterior compartment

A

tibialis posterior
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
popliteus

45
Q

medial and lateral patella facets in contact with the sulcus?

A

45 deg

46
Q

WB after ACL reconstruction

A

Immediate weight-bearing should be advised to reduce patellofemoral pain…. want to avoid , open chain exercises and isokinetic quadriceps strengthening

47
Q

Posterolateral corner injury

pain in posterior knee

A

posterolateral corner is a complex of ligaments that brings stability to the posterolateral aspect of the knee. The arcuate ligament, fibular collateral ligament, and popliteus muscle tendon make up this complex.
The common peroneal nerve lies between the first and second layers (between the IT band/biceps and LCL) of the outer knee.

Test with DIAL test

The most likely scenario is popliteal tendonitis considering downhill running and method of palpation. Remember, the posterolateral corner complex is made up of the arcuate ligament, fibular collateral ligament, and popliteus muscle tendon.

48
Q

Fulcrum test

A

most indicative of a femoral stress fracture (distal)

Rachel Flash cards (24 decks)

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