Gait

Question 1

5 phases of gait cycle

Answer 1

Initial Contact
Loading response
Midstance
Terminal stance
Preswing

Question 2

Normal step length is between

Answer 2

25-30 INCHES; WALKING SPEED 1.5 M/S

Question 3

glut max most active which phase of gait cycle

Answer 3

The gluteus maximus is inactive in all phases of the gait cycle except the initial contact phase. The gluteus maximus is eccentrically contracting during initial contact

Question 4

rocker knife used in

Answer 4

hemiplegia

Question 5

weak quads

Answer 5

genu recurvatum

Question 6

Excessive varus moment

Answer 6

foot is too far medially, socket is too abducted

Question 7

excessive valgus moment at the knee

Answer 7

foot is set too far laterally, socket is too adducted

Question 8

excessive knee flexion

Answer 8

not enough friction in nee unit, too much dorisflexion in the foot, weak quads, socket too far anterior, foot too far posterior, knee flexion contracture

Question 9

excessive knee extension

Answer 9

too much friction in the knee, too much plantar flexion in the foot, weak quads (recurvatum), socket placed too far posteriorly, foot placed too far anteriorly

Question 10

opponens orthosis

Answer 10

immobilizes the thumb (often ligamentous injury) can help with arthritic conditions

Question 11

Swing through gait

Answer 11

two crutches on ground and legs are swung forward beyond point of crutch palcement

Question 12

phantom pain tx

Answer 12

TCA

Question 13

amputation at tarsometatarsal junction

Answer 13

lisfranc amputation

Question 14

talus and calcaneus remain amputation

Answer 14

chopart

Question 15

Chronic right hip OA

Answer 15

With hip osteoarthritis, an antalgic gait and abductor lurch (swaying of the trunk over the side of the affected hip) may be noted. A trunk lean toward the painful hip brings the center of mass over the joint and decreases the mechanical stress across the joint. Circumduction is seen in a long limb, abductor muscle contracture, and stiff knee.

Question 16

when do calf muscles undergo eccentric contraction

Answer 16

The calf muscles are inactive in initial contact and loading response phase. They undergo eccentric contraction in midstance phase, and concentric contraction in terminal stance phase. Midstance phase is the period from lift off of the contralateral extremity from the ground to the point where the ankles of both extremities are aligned in the frontal plane.

Question 17

valgus deformity at the ankle what kind of flare do you use

Answer 17

Medial heel flares resist valgus motion at the ankle, whereas lateral heel flares resist varus motion.

Question 18

The ischial containment socket is the most commonly prescribed socket for transfemoral amputees. Its narrow medial-lateral dimension helps to maintain femoral ADDUCTION, resulting in a more efficient stance phase of gait. Unlike the quadrilateral socket, where WEIGHT BEARING primarily occurs on the medial ischium and ischial ramus; the femoral end generally sits about ¼-½ inch above the distal end of the socket. The quadrilateral socket provides a relief in each corner for the hamstring tendon, gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, and the adductor longus.

Answer 18

medial lateral dimension is narrower than the AP ;

Question 19

Many polycentric knees are designed so that the center of rotation moves anteriorly very rapidly during the first few degrees of knee flexion, quickly passing in front of the floor reaction line and facilitating the swing phase. Because the polycentric knee can be flexed under weight bearing during the terminal stance, when properly dynamically aligned it can offer both excellent stance stability and ease of swing-phase flexion. All polycentric knees shorten mechanically to a slight degree during flexion, adding additional toe clearance during midswing.

Answer 19

greater knee stability, symmetric gait, equal knee length when sitting

Question 20

linear distance between successive points of contact of SAME foot; measured from heel strike to heel strike of same foot

Answer 20

stride length

Question 21

Linear distance in the plane of progression between corresponding successive contact points of opposite feet; heel strike one foot to heel strike of the other foot, normally 15-20 inches

Answer 21

step length

Question 22

number of steps per unit time

Answer 22

cadence

Question 23

I LIKE MY TEA PRESWEETENED for stance phase divisions

Answer 23

intial contact, loading response , midstance, terminal stancd, preswing

Question 24

swing phase devisions “in my teapot:

Answer 24

initial swing, mid swing, terminal swing

Question 25

opposing muscles are sutured to each other and to the periosteum at the end of the cut bone with minimal tension

Answer 25

myoplasty

Question 26

muscles and fasciae are suturred directly to bone through drill holes

Answer 26

myodesis

Question 27

amputation of tarso metatarsal junction

Answer 27

lis franc

Question 28

removed all tarsals and metatarsals, only talus and calcaneus bones remain

Answer 28

chopart

Question 29

vertical calcaneal amputation

Answer 29

pirogoff

Question 30

horizontal calcaneal amputation…..

Answer 30

boyd

Question 31

University of cali biomechanics lab (UCBL) orthosis

Answer 31

custom molded orthosis to control flexible calcaneal deformities (rearfoot valgus/varus) and mid tarsal issues forefoot abduction/adduction.

Question 32

rocker bar

Answer 32

relieve metatarsal pain, strip placed across the sole just posterior to the metatarsal heads….can be uses plantar fasciitis, neuropathic ulcer………relieves metatarsal heads….metatarsal bar is similar but shorter

Question 33

reciprocal gait orthosis

Answer 33

used for upper lumbar paralysis in which active hip flexion is preserved

Question 34

scott craig orthosis

Answer 34

bilateral kafo for standing and ambulation in paraplegics with neuro level l1 or lower, can do unsupported standing by resting on Y ligament iliofemoral ligament…paras can ambulate with scott craig orthosis and crutches or walker using a swing to or swing through gait pattern

Question 35

Taylor and knight taylor brace

Answer 35

taylor- flex/ex control TLSO, 2 posterior paraspinal bars attached to inferior pelvic band

Knight taylor brace- like above plus lateral bands and a thoracic band to restrict lateral bending….stable T or lumbar Fractures

Question 36

Flexion control TLSO

Answer 36

jewett hyperextension brace…………..

Question 37

cruciform anterior spinal hyperextension tlso

Answer 37

similar to jewett (jewett more like a circle in front, cash is a cross)