Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

621: Surface Anatomy & Exam Techniques > Knee Exam Procedures > Flashcards

Knee Exam Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

What is knee effusion?

A

fullness or swelling in the suprapatellar pouch of the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How can effusion be confirmed?

A

By ballottement of the patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is patellar ballottement performed?

A

By compressing the patella posteriorly and releasing quickly, observing for rapid rebound indicating increased fluid pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is chondromalacia patellae?

A

inflammation of the underside of the patella including erosion and irritation to the hyaline cartilage on its undersurface which allows it to effortlessly articulate with the patellar groove of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What types of patients are more prone to chondromalacia patellae?

A

young individuals engaged in active sports and older adults who overwork their knees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can chondromalacia patellae be confirmed?

A

By performing the patellar grind test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is the patellar grind test performed?

A

With knee extended, the examiner pushes the patella posteriorly into the trochlear groove of the femur. Pain is a positive test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is patellarfemoral syndrome confirmed?

A

By performing the patellar inhibition test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is the the patellar inhibition test performed?

A

With knee extended, the examiner pushes the patella distally into the trochlear groove of the femur and then the patient is asked to contract the quads. Pain is a positive test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What test should you perform if you want to assess the possibility that the patient may have sustained a patellar dislocation?

A

Patellar Apprehension Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is the patellar apprehension test performed?

A

The patient lies supine on the table with the knee in 20-30 degrees of flexion and the quadriceps relaxed. The examiner carefully glides the patella laterally observing for the apprehension sign. A positive test is the presence of this reaction by the patient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Q-angle is the measured angle between what 2 lines?

A

Line 1: ASIS to the Patella Center

Line 2: Tibial Tubercle to the Patella Center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the normal Q angle in men? Women?

A

Men: 11 to 17 degrees
Women: 14 to 20 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

7 causes of an increased Q angle

A
  • Knock-Kneed (Genu Valgum)
  • Excessive Femoral Anteversion
  • Lateral Tibial Torsion
  • Laterally positioned tibial tuberosity
  • Tight lateral Retinaculum
  • Weakness of vastus medialis oblique
  • High riding Patella (Patella alta)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the associated risk with an increased Q angle?

A

patellar subluxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A ____ stress test is performed to determine the stability of the MCL

A

valgus

17
Q

Describe 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree injuries to the MCL and LCL

A

1st degree injury is represented by significant tenderness to palpation
2nd degree injury is laxity at 30 degrees of flexion
3rd degree injury is laxity at 0 degrees of flexion

18
Q

What is the definition of a sprain?

A

an injury in a joint, caused by the ligament being stretched beyond its own capacity

19
Q

The _____ drawer test assesses the tear of the ACL

A

anterior

20
Q

The _____ drawer test assesses the tear of the PCL

A

posterior

21
Q

What is another test you could perform to determine if someone has an ACL tear?

A

Lachman’s test

22
Q

How is Lachman’s test performed?

A

The patient lies supine, the examiner flexes the knee slightly (about 20-30 degrees). The examiner then stabilizes the thigh while pulling the tibia forward toward the examiner.

23
Q

What is another test you could perform to determine if someone has an PCL tear?

A

Posterior Cruciate Ligament Sag (Gravity Drawer) Test

24
Q

How is the posterior sag test performed?

A

With both knees flexed to 90 degrees and feet planted on the table (or held in the air by the clinician), view the knees from the side to compare position of the anterior tibia. If a sag of the tibia is noted on one side, it is considered a positive test.

25
Q

What is the purpose of the Lateral Pivot-Shift Test?

A

To assess the integrity of the ACL and anterolateral joint structures. (Anterolateral rotatory instability).

26
Q

How is the lateral pivot-shift test performed?

A

With the patient in supine with their legs relaxed.
The examiner should the heel of one hand behind the fibular head of the patient. Use the other hand to grasp the tibia or calcaneus.
While maintaining a valgus force and internal rotation of the tibia throughout the test, slowly flex the patient’s knee

27
Q

What indicates a positive lateral pivot-shift test?

A

an initial subluxation of the tibia anteriorly and medially followed by a reduction of the tibia at 30-40 degrees of flexion

28
Q

How do you test for a lateral meniscus tear?

A

1) Medially Rotate Tibia
2) Extend knee from Flexed Position
3) Palpate Lateral Meniscus

29
Q

How do you test for a medial meniscus tear?

A

1) Laterally Rotate Tibia
2) Extend knee from Flexed Position
3) Palpate Lateral Meniscus

30
Q

What is another way to test for a meniscal tear?

A

perform the bounce test

31
Q

How is the bounce test performed?

A

With the leg in full extension, grasp the heel and bounce the leg, gently forcing hyperextension

32
Q

Another way to test for a meniscal tear is the ____ compression test

A

Apley’s

33
Q

How is the Apley’s compression test performed?

A

1) flex the knee to 90 degrees
2) apply an axial force along the tibia
3) rotate the tibia internally and externally

34
Q

What 3 things does a Baker’s cyst commonly occur with?

A
  • A tear in the meniscal cartilage of the knee
  • Osteoarthritis (in older adults)
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
35
Q

What 4 conditions affect the Q angle?

A
  • Flat feet
  • Lateral positioning of the tibial tuberosity
  • Valgus
  • Tibial rotation
36
Q

What movements can cause patellar subluxation?

A

internal femoral rotation simultaneously with tibial external rotation

37
Q

Increased femoral anteversion causes ____ femoral torsion and toeing-__

A

internal

in

38
Q

Miserable Malalignment Syndrome is defined as what?

A

external tibial torsion with femoral anteversion

621: Surface Anatomy & Exam Techniques (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions