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AET 273 > knee and related structures > Flashcards

knee and related structures Flashcards

1
Q

why would someone not be able to reach the normal knee ROM?

A
  • one reason why an athlete could not reach full ROM would be that they have shortened hamstring, and tight quads, therefore restricting their full ROM of 140.
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2
Q

what are the functions of the patella? MT

A
  • aids knee w/ extension.
  • protects patella tendon against friction
  • when moving from extension to flexion of the knee, the patella glides laterally, further into the trochlear groove.
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3
Q

what structures are associated with the kinetic chain?

A
  • foot, ankle, hip, lower leg, thigh, pelvis, spine.
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4
Q

what is the kinetic chain?

A
  • the kinetic chain is if the body in unable to manage forces then breakdown to the systems occur, because one part of the body is/has not been managed and therefore it affects the rest of the body.
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5
Q

what is patella Alta and Baja?

A
  • alta is the patella sits high
  • baja is the patella sits low.
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6
Q

what things would you observe of someones knee?

A
  • walking, squatting
  • swelling, ecchymosis
  • leg alinement
  • genu valgum & genu varum.
  • hyperextension & flexion
  • patella alta & baja
  • patella rotates in or outward
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7
Q

what is tibial torsion (TT) and (FA & FR) femoral anteversion &retroeversion

A

TT
- an angle that measures less than 15 degrees
- pigeon toed.
(interna tibial torsionl)
- an angle that measures greater than 15 degrees is (external tibial torsion.)
- duck feet (angle out)
FA
- total rotation of the hip is -100 degrees

FR
- if the hip is more externally rotated outwards.

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8
Q

what is leg length discrepancy?

A
  • there is functional and anatomical and it is where one bone is longer than the other.
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9
Q

what is the difference between functional and anatomical leg length discrepancy?

A

func.
- the muscles are pulling on the bone and it can make it appear that one bone is longer or shorter than the others.
- caused by pelvic or spinal mechanical faults

anatom.
- this can potentially cause problems in all weight bearing joints.
- the person is usually born with this where one bone is longer or shorter than the other. normally person will have some support in their shoe to help with this.

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10
Q

what is the Q angle? MT

A
  • the Q angle is the angle that is measured between the ASIS and the tibial tubercle. the patella is bisect (split in half)
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11
Q

what is the A angle? MT

A
  • this is the angle that is measured between the patellar orientation to the tibial tubercle.
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12
Q

what is knee plica?

A
  • plica are folds in tissues that line the joint. medial folds are the most common in the knee.
    irritation of the plica
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13
Q

what are s/s of knee plica?

A
  • possible knee injury or pain
  • painful pseudo locking
  • possible snapping and popping.
  • pain w/ stairs and squatting
  • little or no swelling.
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14
Q

management of knee plica?

A
  • RICE
  • may require surgery
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15
Q

what are osteochondral knee fracture? MT

A
  • same MOI as (X)CL injuries or meniscus
  • twisting, sudden cutting or direct bow
  • fracture of the cartilage and the underlying bone.
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16
Q

what are s/s of osteochondrial knee #? MT

A
  • hear a snap and feeling of giving way.
  • immediate swelling and considerable pain
  • diffuse pain along joint line,
17
Q

what is management of osteochondrial knee #? MT

A
  • diagnosed through CT and MRI
  • stabilize fracture
  • if there are fragments that have detached then surgery is required.
  • 3-6 month return to activity.
18
Q

partial or complete seperation of articular cartilage and the subchondral bone, is known as what?

A
  • osteochondritis dessecans
19
Q

what are s/s of joint contusions?

A
  • severe pain, loss of movement, acute inflammation
  • swelling
  • discolouration
20
Q

what is a perineal nerve contusion? MT

A
  • compression the peroneal nerve due to a direct blow.
21
Q

s/s of peroneal nerve contusion? MT

A
  • local & possible shooting pain
  • numbness & pins and needles in the nerve
  • normally resolves quickly.
22
Q

how do you manage someone with peroneal contusion?

A
  • rice and RTP happens once symptoms have stopped.
  • padding for the fibular head is necessary for a few weeks.
23
Q

what are the different bursitis in the knee? MT

A
  • suprapatellar bursa
  • prepatellar bursa
  • deep infrapatellar bursa
  • subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa
  • popliteal bursa
  • subsartorial bursa
24
Q

what are s/s of bursitis? MT

A
  • prepatellar bur. localized swelling above the knee.
  • swelling in popliteal fossa may indicate bakers cyst (fluid filled sac)
  • recurrent swelling.
25
Q

what is acute patella subluxation or dislocation?

A
  • quad pulls the patella out of alignment.
  • repetitive subluxation will impose stress to medial restraints
  • disco. patella comes fully out of the groove and stays out.
  • Sublux. patella comes out and goes back in.
26
Q

what is the difference between a patella dislocation and subluxation?

A

dislo.
- total loss of function

Sublux
- pain, swelling
- restricted ROM
- palpable tenderness over adductor tubercle

27
Q

what is a injury to infrapatellar fat pad? MT

A
  • the fat pad becomes wedged between the tibia and patella
  • irritation by chronic kneeling, pressure or trauma.
28
Q

s/s of infrapatellar pad? MT

A
  • capillary hemorrhaging and swelling.
  • chronic irritation may lead to scarring and calcification.
29
Q

how do you manage a infrapatellar fat pad injury?

A
  • rest until inflammation reduces.
  • heel lift to prevent irritation during extention
  • hyperextentionn tape to prevent full extension.
30
Q

what is chondromalacia patella?

A
  • softening or deterioration of the articular cartilage
  • often associated with abnormal tracking.
31
Q

what are the 3 stages of chondromalacia patellar? MT

A
  1. swelling and softening of cartilage
  2. fissure of softened cartilage
  3. deformation of cartilage surface
32
Q

s/s of chondromalacia? MT

A
  • pain at inferior border during palpation.
  • patella not gliding into the groovee correctly.
  • possible recurrent swelling, grating sensation w/ flexion and extension.
33
Q

what is patellofemoral stress syndrome? MT

A
  • lateral deviation of patella while tracking in the femoral groove.
34
Q

s/s of patellofemoral stress syndrome? MT

A
  • tenderness of lateral facet of pallets and swelling associated w/ irritation of synovium.
  • dull ache in centre of the knee
  • apprehension when patella is forced laterally.

AET 273 (7 decks)

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